Psych chap 9

Genotype

A persons genetic material

According to Piaget's theory, which of the following occurs when people adjust schemas to new information?

Accommodation

What is the main emphasis of Erik Erickson's theory of development?

Addressing various socioemotional tasks throughout the lifespan

According to Piaget's theory, ________ occurs when individuals incorporate new information into existing knowledge.

Assimilation

According to Baumrind, _____ is a restrictive punitive style in which the parent both exhorts the child to follow the parents' direction and places firm limits on the child.

Authoritarian

Which type of parenting involves encouraging the child to be independent but placing limits and controls on behavior?

Authoritative

Which of the following is the best example of "nature" in the context of the nature-nurture influence?

Biological inheritance

In a research study, Dr. Lopez asked people ages 20, 40, and 60 about their levels of happiness. The research was best described as

Cross-sectional

The term ______ refers to the pattern of continuity and change in humans capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life.

Development

________ psychology studies the physical, cognitive and social growth that occur throughout the lifespan.

Developmental

The main class of female sex hormones are __________.

Estrogens

Who are you? This question pertains to which of the following theories?

Marcia's theory of exploration and commitment

Development consists of changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide what people should do.

Moral

A persons genotype gives him the potential to be tall, but this potential interacts with the environment to produce a(n)

Phenotype

The period of a physical development, typically occurring during adolescence, during which sexual organs mature.

Puperty

According to Piaget's theory, object permanence begins in the ______ stage.

Sensorimotor

Attachment is:

The close emotional bong formed between child and caregiver.

industry versus inferiority

The fourth of Erikson's eight psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic types of temperament in children?

The friendly child

According to Baumrind, which type of parent would most likely say, "Because I said so" or "It's my way or the highway!"

authoritarian

Marissa is a college freshman who is involved in career exploration. According to Erikson's socioemotional theory, she is in the stage of identity vs. identity ____.

confusion

Allison is a 14 year old who spends hours in the bathroom fixing her hair because she believes that everyone will notice how she has styled it. This best describes adolescent

egocentrism

Madeleine is 16 years old. She is able to think somewhat like a scientist, devising plans to solve problems and testing solutions. Which of Piaget's stages is Madeleine most likely in?

formal operational

Rank the prenatal developmental stages in the correct order.

germinal, embryonic, fetal

The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain or the other is known as

lateralization

Processes such as hormonal changes of puberty and menopause, changes in the brain, height, and weight, and motor skill changes reflect the developmental role of biological processes and are referred to as

maturation

nurture

refers to the individual's environmental and social experiences

A persons ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times is defined as

resilience

which of Piaget's stages occurs from birth to 2 years age, during which time a child has little capacity to represent the environment with language or other symbols?

sensorimotor

Longitudinal research essentially involves

studying the same participants over time

Alcohol, viruses, and nicotine are all categorized as _______ because they can cause birth defects when a fetus is exposed to them.

teratogens

nature

the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions

Which of these examples illustrate the concept of adolescent egocentrism?

- a girl is embarrassed about a small stain on her shirt, because she thinks everyone else will focus on it. -a boy texts while driving because he thinks he's a better driver than most; and therefore won't crash.

Piaget's Theory of schemas

- a schemas assists us in making sense of an experience. - a schemas organizes information. - schemas are expressed as various behaviors and skills.

Which of the following are attachment styles as defined by Ainsworth?

-anxious/ambivalent insecure attachment. -secure attachment -avoidant insecure attachment

Which of the following characteristics apply to the developmental period of emerging adulthood?

-it is the transition period between adolescence and adulthood. -it is characterized by the experimentation and exploration.

Which of the following statements are true regarding Erickson's stage of identity vs identity confusion?

-it occurs between the ages of 10 and 20. -it includes an exploration of roles. -it includes career exploration.

Which of the following are examples of cognitive development?

-problem solving -imagining a future occupation -being able to speak and understand words

According to Piaget conservation is _______. Select all that apply.

-the knowledge that certain attributes of objects remain the same despite superficial changes. - part of the concrete operational stage. We

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Erickson's trust-versus-mistrust stage?

-the outcome depends on whether the infants caretakers meet its needs. -it occurs during the first 1.5 years of life.

Frank and Eileen are, according to Baumrinds theory of parenting style, "permissive parents." This means:

-they believe their parenting style will result in creative and confident children. -they are involved with their children.

Which of the following statements are true regarding "resilience"?

-this term is used to describe someone who can recover from or adapt to difficult circumstances. -resilience involves making the most out of life.