Psych Chapter 1

Why has the humanistic perspective had such little impact on the field of lifespan development?

) It has not identified any sort of broad developmental change that is the result of age or experience

Which psychological perspective suggest that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence individuals?

Bioecological Approach

A drawback to longitudinal research designs is that they

Can take a long time to complete

Which theorist was a major proponent of the humanistic perspective?

Carl Rogers

With in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach, which system underlies every other system, and highlights how the passage of time affects development?

Chronosystem

What type of lifespan-developmentalist is interested in how a person who experiences a traumatic event early in life would remember that event early in life would remember that event later in life?

Cognitive

Sara contracted rubella in the 11th week of her pregnancy. Emily contracted rubella during the 13th week of her pregnancy. The difference in the way rubella would affect an unborn child at these 2 times is an example of

Critical peroid

Which example illustrates a longitudinal research design?

Dr. Michaels administers a questionnaire to gather data on childhood friendships to ...

What is the process called in which an investigator devises different conditions and then compares the outcomes of the participants exposed to those different conditions in order to see how behavior is affected?

Experiment

Biological and environmental factors that are associated with a certain historical event, such as the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing can be considered_____.

History-graded influences

Under what circumstances would conducting an experiment not be feasible

If it is impossible or unethical to manipulate an independent variable

Experimenters can justify the use of deception because

It may be necessary for the experiment to work

What is likely to happen to behavior that receives no reinforcement or is punished?

It will be extinguished.

What is the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire life span?

Lifespan development

What type of research is being conducted when the behavior of one or more research participants is measured over time?

Longitudinal

Social-cognitive learning theorists argue that the difference between the behavior of people and animals is the occurrence of

Mental activity.

Which common ethical guideline is stipulated by the American Psychological Ass, the Society for Research in Child Development and other governing bodies

Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision regarding their participation in a research study

A developmental psychologist whose research focus is the human body's capacities and limitations is interested in ______ development.

Physical

Which research strategy focuses on the relationship between behavior and underlying physiological process?

Psychophysiological

Which experience is an example of a biological universal event that occurs at relatively the same time across all societies.

Puberty

Mei Lin learned at a young age that developing good study habits, such as doing her homework, brought about good grades and made her want to work harder in school. What is this kind of encouraging outcome of an action called?

Reinforcement

Dr. Sardonicus wants to examine the effectiveness of different teaching techniques. Her 9 am class will be exposed to a new method of viewing online instructional videos while her 10 am class will be exposed to traditional lectures. She will assess the students' memory to the information across 6 sessions. What method is the professor using?

Scientific

When a group of people are chosen to represent a larger population and are asked about their attitudes, behaviors, or thinking on a given topic, ____ research is taking place

Survey

Which approach emphasized the process that allow people to know understand and think about the worls?

The cognitive perspective

Which example illustrates a cross sectional research design?

a medical study examining the prevalence of cancer amongst a defined population

Biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group, regardless of where they are raised are what type of influences?

age-graded

What type of research is designed to provide practical solutions to immediate problems?

applied

What term refers to the notion that the well-being of the group is more important than that of the individual?

collectivism

Erikson's psychosocial theory differs from Freud's psychoanalytic theory in that Erikson's delivered that development_____

continues through-out the lifespan

What did Freud believe is the part of the personality that is rational and reasonable?

ego

What developmental period has been proposed between adolescence and adulthood

emerging adulthood

Using real-world setting for an experiment is the hallmark of

field study

Mick is an adolescent who has an awareness of the uniqueness of himself and knowledge of roles that he should follow. Mick has successfully passed through which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?

identity vs. role diffusion

The predetermined unfolding of genetic information is summarized by which term?

maturation.

Which research strategy involves observing naturally occurring behavior without innerving in the situation?

naturalistic observation

Which information-processing approach builds on Paget's ideas and considers cognition to be composed of different types of individual skills?

neo-Piagetian

Behavior modification is based upon which principles?

operant conditioning

Advocates of which perspective argue that much of behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories and conflicts about which a person has little awareness or control?

psychodynamic

Jean Piaget proposed that human thinking is organized into mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions; these patterns were called

schemes

When variables such as ethnicity, social class and subcultural membership affect a particular individual at a particular time, these factors are called______?

sociocultural-graded infuences