psych chapter 10 exam 4

Amy went to the fair with five friends. Three of her friends were planning to go on the new roller coaster, not knowing that Amy had a chronic fear of roller coasters. The other two decided to ride the merry-go-round instead. Based upon the research on conformity, what is Amy most likely to do?

Amy will not ride the roller coaster because two friends stated their preference for the merry-go-round.

Amy went to the fair with friends All five of her friends were planning to go on the new roller coaster, not knowing that Amy had a chronic fear of roller coasters. Based upon the research on conformity, what will Amy most likely do?

Amy will ride the coaster to conform with friends

Your friend, Karley, tells you that you are a good writer. You have other friends who also tell you that you are a good writer. You will likely attribute Karley's remark as being external based on the idea of __________.

consensus

___________ is the aspect of attribution that focuses on the extent to which a person's behavior is similar across both time and settings.

consistency

Last week, Tara's notebook was stolen at the high school. Tara's parents claim that it was her fault that the notebook was stolen because she should have known better than to leave her locker unlocked. Her parents told her, "That's what you get when you are not careful." These comments reflect an idea called the

belief in a just world

the process involved in perceiving, interpreting, and acting on social information are called social-----

cognition

Antonio knows that smoking is bad for his health. This is an example of which component of attitudes?

cognitive

Runningbird dislikes spinach, but he knows that spinach is nutritious. Runningbird's belief that spinach is nutritious is an example of which component of attitudes?

cognitive

When one gives in to a simple request for behavior, one is

complying

To help protect the psychological well-being of his subjects, Milgram

conducted an extensive debriefing

A person who acts like he or she is a subject in an experiment, but who is really an assistant of the experimenter, is called a(n)

confederate

When one changes one's behavior to match group norms, one is

conforming

Asch's research (using the perception of the length of lines) focused on the phenomenon of

conformity

Suppose you go to a concert with a group of friends. Afterwards, your friends all rave about how great the show was, and even though you thought the show was only mediocre, you too comment on how good the band was. This is an example of

conformity

The adoption of attitudes and behaviors shared by a particular group of people is called __________.

conformity

Milgram's research with electric shock is noteworthy because it demonstrated the power of _________ in influencing important forms of social behavior.

obedience to authority

People who experience deindividuation

often assume less responsibility for their actions.

An attitude or evaluation that is usually negative and that is generally focused on a particular group of people is called a __________.

prejudice

Lanessa is in her first year of college. She has only had three different professors, but already she thinks that they are mean, spiteful, and arrogant. Her attitude toward professors reflects

prejudice

Milgram found in his study of obedience that what percent of his subjects were willing to give the learner the maximum level of shock?

65%

which of the following is an example of discrimination

I will not allow students to sit at my table

Which of the following people would experience the most cognitive dissonance?

Kiley, who agrees to lie to his mother for $5

Maria is very much against violence in movies. Yet when her favorite actor made a violent crime drama, she went to see it. According to festinger, going to see the movie should have had what kind of effect on Maria?

Maria may have experienced cognitive dissonance

Donald hates spinach. He feels nauseated whenever he thinks of spinach. Donald's nausea best exemplifies which component of his negative attitude toward spinach?

affective

In the case of Kitty Ganovese, how many of her 38 neighbors came to her assistance on the night she was attacked

at least 1

The replacement of a person's identity with the values and goals of the group to which he or she belongs is called __________.

deindividuation

One explanation for the failure of people to come to the aid of a person in need, particularly when others are present, is

diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is NOT a component of attitudes?

disposition

According to festinger, inconsistences between behavior and cognition give rise to -----, which motivate(s) a person to ----- it

dissonance, reduce

Joseph has just watch Sheryl trip over the curb, Joseph decides that the curb must have been uneven. Joseph has just made a

external atrribution

Max failed his psychology midterm. Max believes the instructor administered an unfair test. Max has just made a

external stable attribution

One of the best ways to get someone to do something is to

first do a favor for them

Following a small, reasonable request with a larger, burdensome request is the key feature of the _________ technique.

foot in the door

a pollster called Mr. Ames one evening and asked if Mr. Ames would be willing to answer a few questions about a local school bond levy. After agreeing to the short interview, the pollster asked Mr. Ames if he would now participate in a longer interview to cover a whole range of issues. The pollster is using which of the following compliance techniques.

foot-in-the-door

Suppose that on the first day of your psychology class, you observe a particular classmate to be a bit rude and arrogant. You attribute his conceit to personality factors rather than to the fact that some external factor may have upset him. Your attribution about the cause of his behavior is an example of the

fundamental attribution error.

The tendency to apply internal rather than external attributions to explain other people's behavior is called the

fundamental attribution error.

Attribution involves people focusing on two different types of causes:

internal and external

Most people are likely to attribute the causes of other people's behavior as being due to ___________ rather than __________.

internal factors, external factors

Festinger found that subjects

liked a boring task better if they were paid a small sum of money to tell others it was interesting.

Our attraction to stimuli that are familiar to us is known as the _________ effect.

mere exposure

The more that Bill sees Hillary, the more he likes her. This example reflects the _________ effect.

mere exposure

The major difference between compliance and obedience is that in a(n)

obedience situation, there is a demand for behavior.

Miranda has a flat tire and doesn't have a spare tire. In which of the following locations would Miranda most likely receive help from a by passer?

on a very poorly traveled country road

Lamar rides his bike everyday. If Lamar were to have an accident, he would mostlikely receive help if __________ witnessed the accident.

one person

In Milgram's experiments on obedience, the experimenter had which type of authority over the subjects?

perceived authority

The actor-observer effect suggests that we tend to attribute the behavior of other people to __________.

personal disposition

Which of the following are unjust, inflexible, largely negative attitudes directed at some group of people?

prejudices

Suppose that you are at the grocery story. A salesperson in the frozen food sections gives you a fresh sample of a new dinner that her company is marketing. You taste it. You now feel a little pressure to buy at least one of the dinners- just to be nice. The obligation you feel to buy one of the dinners is the result of the salesperson's exploitation of which of the following social psychological principles?

reciprocity

The common saying "do unto others as you would have them do unto you" reflects the social psychological principle of

reciprocity

Angela is a vegetarian who works in a local fast-food restaurant whose main fare is burgers and hot dogs. Although she feels that working at the restaurant is a bit of a contradiction, she says that it was the only job that she could find, and now that she has gotten two raises, she is making more money there than she could if she were to find another job.

reduced dissonance by justifying her behavior.

Angela is a vegetarian who works in a local fast-food restaurant whose main fare is burgers and hot dogs. Although she feels that working at the restaurant is a bit of a contradiction, she says that it was the only job that she could find, and now that she has gotten two raises, she is making more money there than she could if she were to find another job. In this example, Angela

reduced dissonance by justifying her behavior.

Which subjects in the Festinger study, justified their behavior by changing their cognitions?

subjects who were paid $1

in the festinger study, which subjects reported the experimental task to be the most interesting

subjects who were paid $1

A persons tendency to intervene in an emergency situation is influenced by the following factors except

the exceptional personal gain to that person

dispositional or internal interferences are derived mainly from

the persons personality characteristics

The actor-observer effect suggests that we tend to attribute our own behavior to __________.

the situation