Psych Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders

Anti-social vs non-social

Against society (feel like hurting society) vs Don't want to interact with society

Anxiety Disorders

Excessive fear and worry impairs normal functioning

Social anxiety disorder

Extreme anxiety in everyday social situations, often accompanied by physical symptoms

Flooding as a cure

Face fear to an extent that you just can't handle it anymore

Axis II of DSM-IV-TR

Personality disorders - Example: Paranoid personality disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

"Free floating" anxiety, chronic, unfocused worrying lasting over 6 months (don't know why)

Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior

- Statistical deviance (infrequency) - Cultural deviance (violates norms) - Emotional distress (unhappiness, torment) - Dysfunction (difficulties with daily living)

Suicide Statistics

-3rd leading cause of death among adolescents -8th leading cause of death among all ages (over car accidents, heart-disease, cancer, etc.)

Insanity

-A legal term -Inability to understand that certain actions are wrong at the time of a crime -Used in <1% of criminal cases

2 Types of Mood disorders

-Depressive disorders: individual suffers mainly from depression -Bipolar disorders: mood swings between depression and manic states (extremes)

DSM-IV-TR (What it stands for and who published it)

-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision -Published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)

Schizophrenia (Negative symptoms)

-Elimination/ reduction of normal behavior -Flat affect: Little or no emotional reaction to events -Refusing to take care of self Ex: showing less emotions than normal

Agoraphobia

-Fear of getting a panic attack and of being in a places where help may not be available (public places)

Somatization disorder

-Long-lasting worry with body symptoms that have no physical cause Ex: I have stomach pains but dr. can't see any reason for them, & I just want someone to confirm that my symptoms are real

Hypochondriasis

-Long-lasting worry with thinking you have a serious disease, based on misinterpretation of normal body reactions Ex: I have the flu, I feel cold and I'm sweating, tell me I have the flu -Occurs equally in men and women

Dissociative Identity Disorder

-Multiple personality disorder -Recognized by DSM-IV-TR, but not all clinicians believe in it and think it's fake -Hard to fake optical changes, handwriting, language

Cultural differences with Anxiety Disorders

-Occurs everywhere -Focus of anxiety can differ

Psycho-chrondriac

-Over diagnosing themselves/ others

Rosenhan

-Participants faked disorders to enter psychiatric ward -Other patients saw through deception but staff didn't

Abnormality as a Disease

-People thought they could just cure it with appropriate therapy

Bipolar disorder: mania -->Manic state

-Person becomes hyperactive, talkative, decreased need for sleep -Must last at least a week to be classified

Panic disorder

-RECURRENT episodes or attacks of extremely intense fear or dread -Many physical symptoms such as chest pains

Koro

-Somatoform disorder -Asian men (fear very strongly that their genitals will retract back inside them)

Dhat

-Somatoform disorder -Men in India (fear that they're going to lose their semen through sexual activity)

DSM-IV-TR purpose

-Used for the diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders (objective) -Does NOT suggest therapies/ treatments or possible causes

Gender differences with mood disorders

-Women more likely to suffer from major depression & attempt suicide -Men more likely to succeed in suicide -No gender difference for bipolar disorder

Major Depressive Episode requires

5+ of the symptoms for at least 2 weeks

Schizophrenia (Positive symptoms)

Abnormal behavior seen (Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech) Ex: Hearing voices

Axis III of DSM-IV-TR

General medical conditions - Example: Diseases of the circulatory system (normally exercise can help depression but now you can't do it which continues depression)

Axis V of DSM-IV-TR

Global assessment of functioning scale From 10 (extreme dysfunction in every aspect of life, probably danger to yourself and others) to 100 (perfectly functional everything is absolutely fine/superior)

Phobic disorders

Highly focused, irrational fear of a specific object or situation Ex: Never leaving the house for fear of snakes

Dissociative amnesia

Inability to remember important personal information

Diagnostic labeling effects

Labels for psychological problems can become self-fulfilling prophecies

Dissociative fugue

Loss of personal identity, often accompanied by a flight/escape from home

Axis I of DSM-IV-TR

Major clinical disorders - Examples: Schizophrenia; substance abuse

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Persistent uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions) or compelling need to perform repetitive acts (compulsions) Ex: Crooked tiles--> have to do some sort of behavior to make yourself feel better (like standing on one foot and leaning over)

Somatoform disorders

Psychological disorders that focus on the physical body

Axis IV of DSM-IV-TR

Psychosocial and environmental problems - Example: Depressed / Homeless

Conversion disorder

Real physical problems that seem to have no physical cause Ex: paralyzed but you don't know why, nothing wrong with brain

Gender differences with Anxiety Disorders

Women more likely to suffer from this than men -Probs b/c social differences (women encouraged to worry more) -Maybe symptoms just presented diff. (women's seem more obvious)