psych chapter 3

Founded in Germany in the early 1900s, the school of _____psychology proposed that our sensations are actively processed according to consistent perceptual rules that result in meaningful whole perceptions.

Gestalt

This German word means a unified whole, form, or shape.

Gestalt

The Gestalt principle of _____states that objects close to each other are perceived as a group.

proximity

Which statement describes size constancy?

An object is perceived as maintaining its size, regardless of the image projected on the retina.

_____psychology maintains that sensations are actively processed according to consistent perceptual rules that result in meaningful whole perceptions.

Gestalt

Which statement describes the similarity principle?

Objects similar in shape or color are perceived as a group.

Once John learned of Tara's abusive past, he began to perceive her cautious behavior around men as more self-protective than rude. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

a perceptual set.

Sensory analysis starts at the entry level (i.e., with the sensory receptors) and works up to the integration of sensory information in the brain. This process is called _____processing.

bottom-up

Ronda is trying to put together a mobile for her baby's crib. She sees all the parts, but cannot determine what goes where. She tries the approach of _____processing, but after 10 minutes she still cannot figure out what to do and goes to get the box so she can view a picture of the final product, an example of _____ processing.

bottom-up; top-down

A building contractor is surveying the progress on a home that is being built. From one angle, it appears that the home is completely framed. However, when she moves to the right, she sees there are actually gaps. This illustrates the principle of:

closure.

A dozen seagulls are seen as a flock because they fly in the same direction, illustrating the Gestalt law of _____. Their movement distinguishes them as _____ against the sky's backdrop.

good continuation; figure

If Fred holds a letter he is reading very close to his nose, and Charlie holds the same letter at arm's length when he reads it, Fred will experience _____Charlie.

more convergence than

When people look at a photograph of an adult-child pair and are told that the two individuals are parent and child, the people tend to say the pair looks more alike than people who are told the pair are unrelated. This is MOST likely due to _____sets.x

perceptual

It is completely dark outside and Emmanuel is inside his house. He knows the color and size of his car has not changed, even though what he can see from his window looks different in the dark. This is an example of:

perceptual constancy.

The way in which one quickly groups the individual letters in this test item into separate words BEST illustrates the law of _____.

proximity

Consider the figure within parentheses: (XX XX XX). Most people perceive three pairs of Xs. This reflects the Gestalt law of:

proximity.

The way in which one quickly groups the individual letters in this test item into separate words BEST illustrates the law of:

proximity.

Milton believes he can move objects by the power of his mind alone. According to the Critical Thinkingbox titled, "ESP: Can Perception Occur Without Sensation?" Milton claims to possess the power of _____.

psychokinesis

As Demi moves away from the camera, her image on the screen grows smaller and smaller, yet viewers do not perceive Demi as the incredible shrinking woman. This illustrates the concept of:

size constancy.

When two separate, carefully timed flashing lights are perceived as one light moving back and forth, resulting in an illusion of movement, this is called:

stroboscopic motion.

Maurice is about to present in front of his class. The other students are talking as they come into class. Maurice's teacher says something to him, and he is trying to focus on what she is saying while tuning out the other voices. To analyze this example using a Gestalt perceptual principle, the noisy environment is _____, and his teacher's voice is _____.

the ground; the figure

During a psychology lab demonstration, the instructor sets up two flashing lights about three feet apart in a darkened room. About one-tenth of a second after the first light flashes, the second light flashes, and then the first light flashes again, and so on. Most of the students experience the illusion of apparent motion, perceiving just one light traveling back and forth. The instructor is likely to explain this phenomenon in terms of:

the principles of stroboscopic motion.