Psych Chapter 7

Children who live in single-parent mother-headed families are often: A. malnourished. B. impoverished. C. mentally ill. D. maladjusted.

B. impoverished.

Charles Spearman believed that a score on an IQ test reflects a general underlying intelligence factor he called _____. A. I B. f C. h D. g

D. g

Alex believes in providing total freedom and unconditional love to his children. Based on Baumrind's research, Alex's parenting style would be BEST described as _____. A. authoritative B. rejecting-neglecting C. authoritarian D. permissive

D. permissive

Studying only in order to raise one's GPA is an example of: A. psychological manipulation. B. extrinsic motivation. C. physiological reinforcement. D. intrinsic motivation.

B. extrinsic motivation.

You are a second-grade teacher in the United States, and you notice one of your students frequently has bruises on his arms. You suspect this student is being abused by his parents. What do you do? A. ask the child if he is being abused B. investigate whether the parents are abusing the child yourself C. follow the mandatory child abuse reporting laws of your state D. ask the parents if they are abusing the child

C. follow the mandatory child abuse reporting laws of your state

Howard Gardner described _____ intelligences in total. A. two B. three C. four D. nine

D. nine

Paula's IQ is 114. Yet, in the seventh grade, Paula reads on a third-grade level. Paula probably _____. A. has a motivational problem B. is bored with school C. has a learning disability D. has an intellectual disability

C. has a learning disability

You are counseling Susan, a 19-year-old college sophomore who was abused as a child. Susan is taking Introduction to Psychology and has become obsessed with the idea that she is doomed because abused children already have "three strikes against them." She tells you of several things that she thinks she has learned. In response, you tell her that which statement is FALSE? A. Maltreated children earn less at midlife than their contemporaries. B. Maltreated children suffer from comparatively poor physical health. C. Maltreated children have a higher risk of maltreating their own children than children who were not maltreated do. D. Maltreated children always fail to develop normally.

D. Maltreated children always fail to develop normally.

Which instructor is the BEST example of a teacher attempting to make learning more intrinsically rewarding for the students? A. Mr. Sampson, who frequently tells his students what they need to do and how much time they have to do it B. Miss Pratt, who makes sure she stays disconnected from her students so that none of them feel as though she has a "teacher's pet" C. Ms. Vasquez, who has her students memorize facts and fill in worksheets throughout the school day D. Mr. Lee, who allows students to pick science fair topics that reflect their interests and passions

D. Mr. Lee, who allows students to pick science fair topics that reflect their interests and passions

Rafael's parents provide plenty of rules, demand total obedience, and are not very affectionate. Rafael's parents have a(n) _____ parenting style. A. authoritative B. permissive C. rejecting-neglecting D. authoritarian

D. authoritarian

A drive that arises from the need to have one's achievements rewarded from the outside is called _____. A. an outer drive B. intrinsic motivation C. an audience drive D. extrinsic motivation

D. extrinsic motivation

This age group should never be spanked. A. infants B. preschoolers C. middle schoolers D. children in elementary school

A. infants

For contemporary U.S. parents, the MOST popular discipline strategy is: A. sending the child to his or her room. B. spanking. C. removal of privileges. D. corporal punishment.

C. removal of privileges.

Choose the example of an achievement test. A. a personality inventory B. a questionnaire on a job application C. the final exam in this class D. the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

C. the final exam in this class

Jamie did not develop language until he was 4. He is MORE likely to develop _____ than children who developed language at an earlier age. A. psychosis B. Alzheimer's disease C. antisocial personality disorder D. dyslexia

D. dyslexia

To help a child rebound from the trauma of a divorce, parents should: A. change the child's school. B. avoid discussing the situation. C. keep consistency in the child's life. D. buy the child new clothing or toys.

C. keep consistency in the child's life.

Terrance survived a childhood scarred by poverty and community violence to graduate near the top of his medical school class. Terrance's example BEST illustrates _____. A. the Flynn effect B. acculturation C. resilience D. collective efficacy

C. resilience

When Alice is shown a list of symbols corresponding to each letter of the alphabet she can quickly decode words presented as symbols. This means she will likely score high on the ______ portion of her WISC score. A. processing speed B. working memory C. verbal comprehension D. perceptual reasoning

A. processing speed

Which is NOT a risk for adults who experienced maltreatment as children? A. They will have worse physical health in middle adulthood than adults who did not experience maltreatment as children. B. They are likely to work in dangerous jobs in adulthood. C. They will have more emotional problems dating than people who were not maltreated as children. D. They have a higher risk of mistreating their own children.

B. They are likely to work in dangerous jobs in adulthood.

Which of the following is NOT a tip for making school more intrinsically motivating? A. Relate the teaching material to children's internal goals and desires. B. Develop a secure attachment to the class. C. Reward the children who do well with special prizes. D. Give children choices about how to work or which assignments to do.

C. Reward the children who do well with special prizes.

Fiona, the mother of eight children, lives in a low-income, subsidized urban housing development that frequently experiences gang-related violence. She is vigilant, rule-oriented, and allows no back talk from her kids. Fiona may _____. A. need to be more flexible with the kids B. need to be reported to social services for child maltreatment C. be acting appropriately in this dangerous environment D. need to be confronted for being too strict

C. be acting appropriately in this dangerous environment

From age 3 years, Sam has been raised by his mother, who works at a minimum-wage job. Sam lives in a dangerous environment and is attending a failing school. You can predict that Sam's IQ test results probably reflect _____ more than _____. A. genetically based abilities; environmental forces B. environmental forces; genetically based abilities C. verbal skills; math skills D. math skills; verbal skills

B. environmental forces; genetically based abilities

Will has just been through a brutal divorce that included a tremendous amount of hostility between his wife and himself. The couple had bitter arguments over property and child custody. In order to minimize problems with his children, you suggest that Will should do all of the following EXCEPT _____. A. not bad mouth his ex-spouse B. avoid parental alienation C. foster authoritative custodial parenting D. arrange for joint custody no matter what

D. arrange for joint custody no matter what

When married parents have children from former unions, their family is called a _____ family. A. reconstructed B. merged C. united D. blended

D. blended

All are examples of blended families EXCEPT for children living: A. with a biological mother and a stepfather. B. with half-brothers and half-sisters. C. with foster parents. D. in traditional two-parent families.

D. in traditional two-parent families.

Poisoning children against ex-partners is referred to as parental _____.

Alienation

Yoshi has experienced a number of early life traumas. Having _____ will NOT help Yoshi rebound from these experiences and be successful in life. A. an optimistic worldview B. resilience-promoting genes C. multiple stressors simultaneously D. a close relationship with a prosocial adult

C. multiple stressors simultaneously

Judith Harris proposed that the main force shaping children's behavior is their _____ rather than their parents. A. teachers B. siblings C. peers D. genetics

C. peers

The LEAST effective parenting style is _____, which is low on both structure and love. A. authoritative B. authoritarian C. rejecting-neglecting D. permissive

C. rejecting-neglecting

Laura has trouble repeating what she has just heard. This may be MOST evident in the _____ portion of her WISC score. A. working memory B. processing speed C. perceptual reasoning D. verbal comprehension

A. working memory

These parents are low on structure and love. A. rejecting-neglecting B. permissive C. authoritarian D. authoritative

A. rejecting-neglecting

Ten-year-old Mindy's IQ score was 130. It is MOST likely that her mental age is _____ years. A. 6 ½ B. 10 C. 13 D. 15

C. 13

Jeremiah has received an overall IQ score of 65. His diagnostic classification is _____. A. gifted B. dyslexic C. intellectually disabled D. within the normal range

C. intellectually disabled

Which statement is true about intelligence? A. Advocates of the concept of g don't believe in giving people intelligence tests. B. Psychologists all agree that there is a unidimensional g intelligence. C. IQ tests measure musical and intrapersonal intelligence. D. Psychologists differ in their beliefs about the existence of a g intelligence.

D. Psychologists differ in their beliefs about the existence of a g intelligence.

The drive to act based on the pleasure inherent in taking the action itself reflects _____ motivation. A. internalizing B. externalizing C. extrinsic D. intrinsic

D. intrinsic

In collectivist cultures, parents put more emphasis on _____ than parents in individualistic cultures. A. an unstructured environment B. negotiation C. independence D. obedience

D. obedience

A learning disability called _____ involves a difficulty in reading, lack of fluency, and poor word recognition.

Dyslexia

Sternberg's successful intelligence includes a combination of _____ abilities. A. analytic, creative, and practical B. practical, spiritual, and intrapersonal C. verbal, math, and kinesthetic D. motivated, verbal, and cognitive

A. analytic, creative, and practical

Rachel's parents provide plenty of rules, demand total obedience, and are not very affectionate. Rachel's mom and dad have a(n) _____ parenting style. A. authoritarian B. authoritative C. permissive D. rejecting-neglecting

A. authoritarian

Which is NOT an argument made against the use of spanking? A. Positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment. B. Spanking rarely produces compliance. C. Hitting a child seems to convey the message that violence is an acceptable solution to problems. D. Spanking impairs the development of a conscience because it gets children to focus only on themselves.

B. Spanking rarely produces compliance.

Less than _____ U.S. families are considered to be traditional, nuclear families. A. 9 out of 10 B. one-half of C. one-third of D. two-thirds of

B. one-half of

An _____ test evaluates a child's knowledge in a school subject. A. intelligence quotient (IQ) B. intelligence C. achievement D. aptitude

C. achievement

Mark has difficulty noticing what is missing in scenes. This will have the LARGEST impact on the ______ portion of his WISC score. A. processing speed B. working memory C. perceptual reasoning D. verbal comprehension

C. perceptual reasoning

The successful schools described in the text seem to be utilizing an approach analogous to Baumrind's _____ parenting style. A. motivated B. authoritarian C. permissive D. authoritative

D. authoritative

In which marriage would divorce clearly benefit the children? A. Helen and John never fight but are very unhappy together. B. Paul and Margot have terrible fights in which they are often violent toward each other. C. Katie and Peter bicker constantly and don't really have much in common. D. Susan and Brent got married because of an unexpected pregnancy, and they don't have any passion in their marriage.

B. Paul and Margot have terrible fights in which they are often violent toward each other.

Which of the following is NOT a teaching tip described by the text? A. Foster autonomy by providing students with choices. B. Develop a secure attachment with each student. C. Praise students for their brilliance. D. Avoid using IQ scores to predict performance.

C. Praise students for their brilliance.

_____ indicates that a measure reflects the real-world quality it is supposed to measure. A. The Flynn effect B. General intelligence or "g" C. Validity D. Reliability

C. Validity

High-quality parenting is especially vital for which child? A. Jason, who is temperamentally at risk B. Mason, who is temperamentally resilient C. Javier, who is an immigrant D. Tessa, who is a middle-class child

A. Jason, who is temperamentally at risk

Baumrind's _______ and _____ parenting styles may be seen as "opposites." A. authoritarian; permissive B. rejecting-neglecting; permissive C. authoritarian; authoritative D. authoritative; permissive

A. authoritarian; permissive

The optimal child-rearing style in which parents rank high on nurturing and discipline is called _____ parenting. A. authoritative B. authoritarian C. permissive D. passive

A. authoritative

Children who rebound from serious early life traumas and construct a successful adult life are: A. resilient. B. lucky. C. catatonic. D. traumatized.

A. resilient.

For contemporary U.S. parents, the most popular current discipline strategy is _____. A. time out or removal of privileges B. corporal punishment C. depriving the child of dinner D. spanking

A. time out or removal of privileges

_____ indicates a steady rise in overall performance on IQ tests that has been occurring around the world during the past century. A. Reliability B. Validity C. General intelligence or "g" D. The Flynn effect

D. The Flynn effect

Renee has a natural ability to understand other people. Gardner would view Renee as being high in _____ intelligence. A. intrapersonal B. kinesthetic C. creative D. interpersonal

D. interpersonal

Understanding the influence of genetics and peers on development could help decrease the _____. A. need for children to develop secure attachments B. need for parents to provide structure and warmth C. practice of blaming parents for all of a child's behavior D. need for parental involvement with children

C. practice of blaming parents for all of a child's behavior

One in _____ U.S. children are being raised by single parents. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 2

B. 4

Over _____ million children are raised by their grandparents alone. A. 5 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

B. 1

Renata is a 5-year-old from a poor family in the United States, who is about to enter kindergarten. According to recent statistics, Renata has approximately what chance of being ready to complete kindergarten tasks when she enters school? A. 9 in 10 B. 1 in 2 C. 7 in 10 D. 2 in 3

B. 1 in 2