Psych Chapter 7 Online Quiz and Learning Curve

_____ is the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.

spontaneous recovery

In psychology, the term "conditioning" refers to: a. learning associations between events and behavioral responses. b. a prior exposure to a stimulus. c. enhanced performance due to observing a behavior. d. adaptation to specific environmental factors due to repeated exposure to those factors.

a

In the experiment in which you were to condition a subject to blink her eye whenever she heard a certain tone, an eye blink was most likely to be scored as a ________ when it preceded the ________. a. CR; UCS b. CR; CS c. UCR; UCS d. UCR; CS

a

Classical and operant conditioning involves learning through _____, whereas observational learning involves learning through imitation.

association

Four-year-old Tommy developed a fear of going up steps after falling down the steps in his house several times. When he was at his grandmother's house, he was fearful of climbing the steps to her front door. Much like Little Albert's fear of white rats and other white furry things, Tommy was demonstrating: a. spontaneous recovery. b. generalization. c. operant conditioning. d. discrimination.

b

In an experiment, people formed negative attitudes toward Pokémon characters that were repeatedly shown with negative words and images next to them. This best illustrates the impact of _____ a. the law of effect. b. classical conditioning. c. negative reinforcers. d. spontaneous recovery.

b

A single acquisition trial may be sufficient for classical conditioning when the: a. CS is a neutral stimulus. b. UCS is presented before the CS. c. UCS is a very powerful stimulus. d. UCR quickly follows the UCS.

c

A year after surviving a classroom shooting, Angie still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates: a. operant conditioning. b. an unconditioned response (UR). c. generalization. d. latent learning

c

Watson and Rayner taught "Little Albert" to fear white rats by: A. negatively reinforcing Albert when he approached a rat. B. showing Albert a white rat and then punishing him when he touched it. C. repeatedly pairing a loud noise with the presentation of a white rat. D. showing Albert movies of children being bitten by rats.

c

What happened after Watson classically conditioned "Little Albert" to fear a tame white rat? a. The sight of the hammer produced spontaneous recovery of the unconditioned response. b. The conditioned fear response was quickly and easily extinguished. c. Generalization occurred: Albert responded with fear to other furry animals and fuzzy objects. d. Stimulus discrimination occurred: Albert responded with fear to white rats but not brown rats.

c

While 5-year-old Lolita was looking at one of the balloons her mother set out for her birthday, Lolita's brother Jorgan took a pin and popped the balloon, causing Lolita to flinch and blink. Later during the party, when Lolita's mother approached her with a balloon, she blinked and flinched. This is an example of _____ conditioning.

classical

In the example of classical conditioning in which the child feared the doctor, the CS was: a. fear. b. a painful injection. c. a severe illness. d. the presence of the doctor.

d

In the example of the child fearing the doctor, the child's fear of a scientist in a white lab coat illustrates the process of: a. shaping. b. spontaneous recovery. c. latent learning. d. generalization. e. secondary reinforcement.

d

In the experiment in which you were to condition a subject to blink her eye whenever she heard a certain tone, the UCS was a(n): a. bright light. b. eye blink. c. tone. d. puff of air.

d

In their dismissal of "mentalistic" concepts such as consciousness, Pavlov and Watson underestimated the importance of _____ processes and biological constraints on an organism's learning capacity. a. biological preparedness b. unconscious c. operant d. cognitive

d

Which is NOT a major contribution that Pavlov made to the field of psychology? a. The discipline of psychology can be based on objective laboratory methods. b. The principles of learning apply across species. c. The knowledge that significant psychological phenomena can be studied objectively. d. He demonstrated the importance of subjective judgments.

d

Which is NOT one of the significant findings of Pavlov's research in classical conditioning? a. Many other responses to many other stimuli can be classically conditioned in many other organisms. b. Pavlov showed how a process such as learning can be studied objectively. c. Classical conditioning is one way that virtually all organisms learn to adapt to their environment. d. Almost all human and animal behaviors, including voluntary behaviors, can be shaped through classical conditioning.

d

Four-year-old Cammy developed a fear of going up steps after falling down the stairs in her house several times. When she was at her grandmother's house, she was fearful of climbing the steps to her front door. Much like Little Albert's fear of white rats and other white furry things, Cammy was demonstrating _____.

generalization

Penny's cat learned to press a lever so more food would be poured into her food bowl. Penny's roommate's kitten watched the cat perform this behavior. Within a month the kitten was performing it as well. This is an example of _____ learning.

observational

Zhu gave her bunny a treat each time she came to Zhu when she called his name. Soon the bunny came every time Zhu called the bunny's name. This is an example of _____ conditioning.

operant

In Watson and Rayner's experiment with Little Albert, the fear of a loud noise was the _____.

unconditioned response

Eduardo drinks two energy drinks every afternoon. Often Eduardo experiences an almost immediate sense of alertness when he take the first sip of his energy drink, even though it takes about twenty minutes for the caffeine in the drink to reach significant levels in his bloodstream. After being repeatedly paired with the drug caffeine, the taste of the energy drink has become a(n) _____ that elicits the _____ of alertness.

us;cs

Lily takes her 1-year-old son, Lucas, for a walk. Lucas reaches out to touch a yellow flower and is stung by a bumblebee. The next day, Lucas's dad brings home some flowers. He removes a yellow flower from the arrangement and takes it over for his baby to smell. Lucas cries loudly as soon as he sees it. According to the principles of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is the _____.

yellow flower