Psych chp 8

spermarche

First spontaneous ejaculation of sperm.

primary sex characteristics

Physical signs of maturity that are directly linked to the reproductive organs.

secondary sex characteristics

Physical signs of maturity that are not directly linked to reproductive organs.

The onset of menstruation ________. a. occurs earlier in girls with high self-esteem b. is called menarche c. marks the beginning of maturation of the secondary sex characteristics d. begins at an average age of 11 years

b. is called menarche

Individuals with _____________________________ alternate between binge eating and purging.

bulimia nervosa

What is the biggest influence on childhood obesity? a. Genes b. The environment c. A combination of genes and the environment d. Instinct

c. A combination of genes and the environment

Which capability achieves adult-like levels during adolescence? a. Cognitive-processing capacity only b. Processing speed only c. Both cognitive-processing capacity and processing speed d. Moral reasoning

c. Both cognitive-processing capacity and processing speed

Sam, a very popular student in high school, has just witnessed a bunch of his friends cheating on an exam. According to Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning, what is he likely to do? a. Tell his friends that he saw them and that they had better be more careful next time. b. Remain quiet because he expects his friends to return the favor in the future. c. Remain quiet because it is important to Sam to maintain his reputation as a good friend. d. Tell the teacher because she will be happy with him and praise his honesty.

c. Remain quiet because it is important to Sam to maintain his reputation as a good friend.

Pat's son and daughter both want to participate in sports. Pat asks you, as an expert in adolescent development, whether she should encourage her children or not. What would you recommend? a. No, because research suggests the risks of participation outweigh the positive outcomes. b. Yes, because research suggests many positive outcomes from participation and few risks. c. Yes, because with parental involvement and supervision, the benefits generally outweigh the possible risks. d. No, because children often resent parents who encourage them to play sports.

c. Yes, because with parental involvement and supervision, the benefits generally outweigh the possible risks.

When does adolescent processing speed reach adultlike levels? a. at the end of adolescence b. not until they reach adulthood c. at the middle of adolescence d. at the beginning of adolescence

c. at the middle of adolescence

Jonathan is a good student. He uses study skills such as outlining and highlighting information in textbooks, making lists of materials to study more, and creating a master study plan. These techniques have been found to help adolescents: a. communicate with adults effectively b. problem solve and reason better c. learn more effectively and remember more accurately d. be more creative in their schoolwork

c. learn more effectively and remember more accurately

Inadequate iron intake often leads to ________. a. diabetes b. depression c. listlessness d. weight gain

c. listlessness

The key gland involved in maturation during puberty is the ________. a. adrenals b. testes c. pituitary d. ovaries

c. pituitary

According to the text, the best way for adolescents to approach obesity is to ________. a. follow medically approved diets and psychological treatment b. eat whatever you want in moderate proportions c. set goals for eating and exercise d. avoid eating fatty meats

c. set goals for eating and exercise

An adolescent's diet should contain adequate calories, ______________, and iron.

calcium

According to information-processing theorists, adolescence is a time of important changes in working memory, processing speed, ___________________, strategies, and metacognition.

content knowledge

Which body parts mature first? a. Hands and feet for girls b. Legs for boys c. Legs for both sexes d. Hands and feet for both sexes

d. Hands and feet for both sexes

Male and female adolescents are most likely to die from: a. other causes b. cancer c. suicide d. accidents

d. accidents

Which eating disorder is characterized primarily by bingeing and purging? a. pregorexia b. binge eating disorder c. anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa

d. bulimia nervosa

Fast-food diets can lead to a deficiency in ________. a. riboflavin b. vitamin A c. vitamin D d. calcium

d. calcium

Gilligan argues that Kohlberg's theory applies more to ________ than ________. a. women; men b. children; adults c. adults; children d. men; women

d. men; women

During adolescent physical growth, boys have greater muscle growth than girls, acquire less ________, and have greater increases in heart and lung capacity.

fat

During puberty in girls, the ovaries secrete estrogen, which causes the breasts to enlarge, the genitals to mature, and __________________________________.

fat to accumulate.

Information-processing theorists view adolescence as a time of ______________________________________.

gradual cognitive change

Answer Influence of the social environment on the onset of puberty is illustrated by the findings that menarche occurs earlier for girls who experience chronic stress or_____________________or who are depressed.

harsh punishment

conventional level

perspective that moral reasoning is based on society's norms

postconventional level

perspective that morality is based on a personal moral code

preconventional level

perspective that morality is based on external forces

Primary sex characteristics are organs directly related to reproduction, whereas secondary sex characteristics are_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.

physical signs of maturity that are not linked directly to reproductive organs, such as the appearance of body hair

Puberty

Collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including a growth spurt and the growth of breasts or testes.

Will an adolescent apply the same level of reasoning when judging information that supports her beliefs and information that contradicts them? a. No, adolescents selectively apply stronger standards to contradictory information so that it does not threaten their beliefs b. Yes, adolescents generally apply mature reasoning in supportive and contradictory circumstances c. No, adolescents are not yet capable of applying reasoning to situations that focus on their beliefs d. No, adolescents selectively apply stronger standards to supportive information so they can verify the accuracy of their beliefs

a. No, adolescents selectively apply stronger standards to contradictory information so that it does not threaten their beliefs

To enhance moral reasoning, research suggests that parents should ________. a. engage in discussions about moral issues with their children b. discuss cases that do and do not focus on principles of justice c. admonish children for poor moral reasoning d. reward their children when they behave morally

a. engage in discussions about moral issues with their children

When people reason about moral issues with others whose reasoning is at a higher level, the usual result is that individuals reasoning at lower levels ________. a. improve b. improve, but only temporarily c. decline further d. remain the same

a. improve

Although it might make sense to think that adolescent moodiness is due to hormonal changes associated with puberty, studies have found that _____ affect(s) mood more? a. social settings b. rate of maturation c. body image d. familial moodiness

a. social settings

Kohlberg was mainly interested in ________. a. the reasoning behind choices made about moral dilemmas b. the level of difficulty people had making correct decisions during moral dilemmas c. why people made incorrect decisions during moral dilemmas d. both right and wrong decisions during moral dilemmas

a. the reasoning behind choices made about moral dilemmas

More teenagers die from _________________ than from any other single cause.

accidents

bulimia nervosa

alternating between binge eating and purging with laxatives or self-induced vomiting

When solving problems, adolescents are more likely than children to solve problems ______________________________________.

analytically, using mathematics or logic.

When evidence is inconsistent with their beliefs, adolescents often ____________________________________.

ignore or dismiss the evidence.

During adolescence, the most important risk factor for anorexia and bulimia is_________________________________________________________________.

internalizing the "thin ideal" and being overly concerned about one's body.

Early maturation tends to be harmful to girls because ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

it leads them to associate with older adolescents, which means they may become involved in activities for which they are ill-prepared, such as drinking and sex

Puberty refers to changes in height and weight, to changes in the body's fat and muscle content, and to _____________________

sexual maturation.

social system morality

stage in which moral standards is based on maintenance of order in society

instrumental orientation

stage in which morality is based on looking out for one's own needs

universal ethical principles

stage in which morality is based on moral principles that apply to all

obedience orientation

stage in which morality is based on the belief that adults know right and wrong

social contract

stage in which morality is based on the belief that laws are for everyone's good

interpersonal norms

stage in which morality is based on winning the approval of others

Menarche

the onset of menstruation, typically occurs at about age 13.

Adolescents are moodier than children and adults primarily because _________________________________________________________________________________________.

they change activities and social settings frequently and their moods track these changes.

Girls tend to have their growth spurts about _____________________ earlier than boys.

two years