psych exam 2
What is the main idea of social learning theory?
One can learn new behaviors by observing others.
temporal theory
asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
chromsones and DNA
congenital analgesia
inability to feel pain
What is episodic memory?
information about events we have personally experienced
Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________ waves of light.
longer wavelengths
within the visible spectrum, our experiences of red is associated with --- waves of light
longer wavelengths
what type of operant conditioning (consequence) is an alarm clock
negative reinforcement
neuropathic pain
pain signals that are sent to the brain get exaggerated
what part of the ear directs sound waves into the ear
pinna
what type of operant conditioning is a sticker chart
postive reinforcement
________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.
primary
Merkel's disks
respond to light pressure
the primary function of the olfactory bulb is to
send information to the primary olfactory cortex
How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?
It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.
If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.
after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character
What kind of research is Saanvi conducting if she tracks six groups of participants, each group a different age, over several years, assessing them on her variable of interest once every six months?
cross-sectional
what is the function of the optic chiasm
crossing of our visual information
which light levels are low the pupil will become
dilated - to allow more light to enter the cues
correlation -
does not equal causation
case studies cannot
easily generalize to the wider population
What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?
another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus
random assignment is
assigning participants to different conditions without bias
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.
associative learning
________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.
attrition
an example of an instinct
baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked
________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives, and is a distance cue that allows us to perceive the depth of a given visual stimulus.
binocular
if I give student a prize after 10 stickers of good behavior what kind of schedule
fixed ratio
Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?
cerebellum
Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment
children watched an adult in a room kicking and beating an inflatable clown toy the kids ignored the other toys and started to beat the toy clown as well
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?
learning
aquistion
learning phase during which a conditioned response is established
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
longitudinal
what happens if the cochlea is damaged
lose your hearingno transduction occurs
longer wavelength have
lower frequencies
interval
means the schedule is based on the time between reinforcements
in taste aversion, what is the conditioned response
nausea
time out is an example of (removing child from play)
negative punishment
vicarious punishment occurs when
overusing someone receive negative consequences for behavior an not copying
inflammatory pain
pain that signals some type of tissue damage
In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.
partial
In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?
populations of developed nations are living longer
Meissner's corpuscles
respond to pressure and lower frequency vibrations
timbre
refers to a sounds purity and it is affected by the complex interplay of frequency, amplitude, and timing of sound waves
top-down processing
refers to knowledge and expectancy driving a process-occurs when previous experiences and expectations are first used to recognize stimuli
Bottom-up processing
refers to sensory information from a stimulus in the environment driving a process-occurs when we sense basic features of stimuli and integrate them
fixed
refers to the number of responses between reinforcements, or the amount of time between reinforcements, which is set and unchanging.
gustation is the sense of
taste
thermoception
temperature
Some neurons can only generate action potentials up to a certain speed, and no faster. This fact is a limitation of the ________ theory of pitch perception.
temporal
The auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the ________ lobe.
temporal lobe
confirmation bias
tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs
What is the trichromatic theory?
that there are 3 different types of cones - red, blue and green
signal detection theory
the ability to identify a stimulus when it is embedded in a distracting background signal
inductive reasoning example
the neighbors dog just barked. all dogs can bark
Illusory correlation refers to
the perception of a relationship that does not exist
reflex example
the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light
Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.
thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
habituation
when you learn not to respond to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly without change
Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?
whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese
cones
work best in bright. light conditions - involved in ability to perceive color - located in the fovea
what does the somatosensory cortex do
it processes tactile information
negative reinforcement
an undesirable stimulus is removed to increase a behavior
ruffinin corpuscles
detect stretch
interaural level difference
sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head
According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?
study the function of behavior
empirical
grounded in objective, tangible evidence that can be observed time and time again, regardless of who is observing
deductive reasoning
hypotheses to test theory
________ (IRB) reviews research that is involves the use of human participants.
institutional review board
Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion.
Muller-Luer
This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was founded in 1892.
The American Psychological Association
Pacinian corpuscles
detect transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations
what is the function of the pinna
funnel sound waves into the ear
Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?
-0.53
punishment
decreases behavior
amplitude is
the heigh of the crests of a wave
Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.
Edward C. Tolman
Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?
Francis Cecil sumner
Studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________.
can sometimes be tested with animal studies
optic nerve
carries neural impulses from the retina to the brain
A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.
confounding
An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.
debrief participants; deception
________ are the most commonly used species for animal research.
rodents
Akeelah extended her arm in front of her and then extended one of her fingers. She focused on that finger. Next, she closed her left eye without moving her head; then she opened her left eye and closed her right eye without moving her head. She noticed that her finger seemed to shift as she alternated between the two eyes because of the slightly different view each eye had of her finger. What is illustrated by this example?
binocular disparity
proprioception and kinesthesia
body position and movement
Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
breathing
The amplitude of light waves is associated with
brightness/intensity of color - Larger amplitudes appear brighter.
social learning theory is learning social behavior -
by observing and imitating
characteristics of a hypothesis include
capable of being testes, falsifiable, consistent with well established facts
Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.
case studies
Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.
case study
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
central; peripheral nervous systems
The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.
circular
What Gestalt principle is illustrated by this figure?
closure
When a child works on a "connect the dots" puzzle, she can often see the completed work before she has finished all of the dots. Once there is enough visual information present, she's able to perceive the completed picture even though it is still incomplete. Which Gestalt principle does this demonstrate?
closure
what gestalt principle states that we organize our perceptions into compete objets rather than as a series of parts
closure
Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.
cognitive map
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
in pavlovs experiment, what is the dog drooling to the bell called
conditioned response
the bell in pavlov experiment is the
conditioned stimulus
Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?
cones
Ravon is deaf. He was born without the ability to hear, and has never experienced an auditory stimulus. When people write using "sound" type words like "loud," "soft," and "quiet," he sometimes has difficulty understanding what they are trying to convey. Ravon has ________ deafness.
congenital
Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called
congenital analgesia
When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.
conscientiousness
operant conditioning is learning through
consequences
reliability examines how
consistent the measurements are
Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
continuous
the vestibular sense
contributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posture
iris
controls the size of the pupil - colored portion
Light waves are first transmitted through the ________ at the front of the eye and enter an opening called the ________ before shining onto the retina.
cornea; pupil
you know that between 2 points there is exactly one line. you have 2 points so you conclude you must have one line between them
deductive (general --> specific )
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
depression
a researcher examines drug dosage (o mg, 50 mg 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the dependent variable
depression
what is sensation
detecting and encoding energy from your environment
what is binocular disparity
difference in the image seen by the left and right eye
sensory adaptation refers to
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called
discrimination
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
dopamine; norepinephrine
In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
double-blind
Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just "subtracting two." This is an example of ________ rehearsal.
elaborative
What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?
emotion can be a conditioned response
conductive hearing loss can be caused by
environmental factors
The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.
evolution by natural selection
Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.
extinction
Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and a joey (baby kangaroo) moving to its mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.
instincts
if a sound comes from an off-center location it creates 2 binaural cues -
interaural level difference and intraural timing difference
learning
is a change in behavior from past experiences
Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?
knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student
Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?
knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart
latent learning
learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
In a person whose eyes work in the usual fashion, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.
lens; fovea
ratio
means the schedule is based on the number of responses between reinforcements.
archival research
method of research using past records or data sets to answer various research questions, or to search for interesting patterns or relationships
When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.
misinformation effect paradigm
type of consequence: you are ticketed for speeding so your car is taken away
negative punishment
Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.
negative reinforcement
What are mirror neurons?
neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone preform a behavior
In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.
neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus
Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has trouble seeing in dim light. This is called ________ blindness
night
Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. the sense of --- provides her brain with information about the pain she feels
nociception
frequency
numbers of waves
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
observation of phenomena
Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment showed that kids used
observational learning
clinical or case study
observational research study focusing on one or a few people
People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.
only the right visual field
Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?
operant conditioning
A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.
operational definition
depth perception
our ability to perceive the distance of objects from us
Nociception
pain
--- refers to the way the sensory information is interpreted and consciously experiences; --- refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor
perception; sensation
Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.
personality
positive or negative correlation : as shoe size decrease, math ability decreases
positive - both variable move to the same direction
Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?
positron emission tomography (PET)
For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?
proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
binaural cues
provide information on the location of a sound along a horizontal axis by relying on differences in patterns of vibration of the eardrum between our 2 ears.
If you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle
proximity
what gestalt principle states that things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together
proximity
In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.
random sampling; random group assignment
variable
refers to the number of responses or amount of time between reinforcements, which varies or changes
which is a variable ratio schedule reinforcement
reinforcement after a varying number of correct responses
What is a fixed interval schedule?
reinforcing an action after a certain amount of time
The fact that some well-known studies have been repeated without finding results consistent with those in the initial report describes a(n) ________ that is currently affecting research in psychology and other fields.
replication crisis
According to psychologist ________ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between the UCS and the CS.
rescorla
sensory systems
responsible for providing information about our surroundings which allow us to successfully navigate and interact with our environments
which part of the eye is responsible for transduction
retina
rods
retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond - work well in low light conditions
Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.
retorgrade
The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.
retrieval
Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?
rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?
rods
when you become immune to someones strong sent of perfume
sensory adaptation
vestibular sense
sensory systems that provide information about balance
Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory.
signal detection
Nikki was walking around a department store shopping one day, and did not realize that the shirt she was wearing looked just like the shirts worn by employees. When a stranger asked, "do you work here," she thought it was funny. The other customers' assumption that Nikki was a store employee demonstrates the Gestalt principle of _______.
similarity
interaural timing difference
small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear
olfaction is the sense of
smell
positive punishment examples -
spanking ( adding something), writing a letter of apology, getting extra chord
inductive
specific --> general
inductive reasoning
specific to general
After a hurricane warning came across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months he heard it several times when the "required monthly tests" came on the television, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sounded and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguished response is called ________.
spontaneous recovery
What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?
In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.
opponent process theory --
stare that sensory receptors come in pairs
A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.
statistical analysis
You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.
stimulus discrimination
You are a big fan of your grandmother's chocolate chip cookies. Just the smell of them causes you to feel hungry. One night she is making chocolate chip oatmeal almond cookies, a variation of her usual recipe. You smell the baking cookies and even though it is different than her usual cookie scent, you still suddenly feel hungry for a treat. This demonstrates the classical conditioning principle of ________.
stimulus generalization
-- is an anthropologist who contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation
Jane Goodall
________ is an anthropologist who contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.
Jane Goodall
an example of a vicarious punishment
Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.
two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. this is known as the --- illusion
Muller-lyer
What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?
Receptors on different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies
In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?
Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.
good continuation
Suggests that we are more likely to perceive continuous smooth flowing lines rather than jagges broken lines
Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?
The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.
Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?
They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.
Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.
substantia nigra; dopamine
________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.
surveys
is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.
surveys
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
synapse
Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge.
the scientific method
the pupil
the small opening in the eye through which light passes - size changes as a function of light lights/ emotional arousal
operanational definition
the specific inner in which something is measured
the cornea
the transpranet covering over the eye - protects the eye
Steps of the Scientific Method
theoru, hypotheses, collect sate, summarize data, report findings< modify theory or confirm theory
Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.
there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer
what does the retina do?
transduction
what is transduction
transforming signals into neural impulses
Professor Devine and her colleagues are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.
type of play; no play
confounding variable
unanticipated outside factor that affects both variables of interest, often giving the false impression that changes in one variable causes changes in the other variable, when, in actuality, the outside factor causes changes in both variables
the dog food in pavlov experiment is the
unconditioned stimulus
psychologists focus on -
understanding behavior, as well as the cognitive and physiological processes that underlie behavior
inductive resoning
used to formulate theories
Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?
using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes
Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.
vestibular
Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it. this is an example of
vicarious reinforcement
theory
well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena
continuous reinforcement
when an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior - quickest way to teach someone a new behavior
wavelength
width - the length of a wave from one peak to the next
negative punishment
you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior
what would happen if you did not have rods
you would struggle to detect movement - your peripheral vision would decrease
an example of confirmation bias is
your fb feed where the news article supports your views
What is proprioception?
awareness of body position
Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.
industrial-organizational
Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time.
30
Recent research conducted by Cowan (2010) has found that the capacity of working memory is how many units of information?
4 plus or ,minus 1
Pheromones
Chemical signals released by an animal that communicate information and affect the behavior of other animals of the same species.
bf skinner
He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.
Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of ________.
Weber's law
positive reinforcement
a desirable stimulus is added to increase a behavior
taste buds are composed of
a number of individual taste receptor cels that transmit information
Gestalt Psychology
a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts
Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?
a way of looking at the world
A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
action potential
what term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus
afterimage
the fovea is made up of
all cones and no rods
example of deductive reasoning
all living things require energy to survive, ducks are living things, therefore ducks require energy to survive
case studies can
allow new theories to be formulated, allow for a rich data set because individual is studied, usually involve studying individuals who are rare and unusual
As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can't hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to "speak up," from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing.
amplitude
What is a longitudinal study?
an ongoing study spanning 10 years or longer - measure people every decade or so
negative reinforcement
an undesirable stimulus is removed to increase behavior
Dr. Guttierez is examining a research question and has posted a hypothesis, but his student points out, "Dr. G., the assumption that you have made cannot be disproven no matter what data we gather!" This research study suffers from an absence of ________.
falsibility
The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.
faster; longer lasting
Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?
favoring men over women
When you watch the teacher at the front of the room, you are easily able to distinguish her from the white board (or chalk board) behind her. This demonstrates the Gestalt principle of ________.
figure-ground relationship
Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
fixed interval
Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
deductive
general --> specific
deductive reasoning
general to specific
Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.
genotype; bb
The myelin sheath is made from ________.
glial cells
What is the basilar membrane?
hair cells in cochlea turn vibrations into neural impulses
what is the basilar membrane
hair cells in cochlea turn vibrations into neural impulses
olfactory receptor cells
hair-like parts that extend from olfactory bulb into mucous membrane of the nasal cavity
monaural cues
helpful in locating sounds that occur above or below and in front or behind us
________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.
higher; louder
Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?
hypothalamus
what has research shown about processing subliminal messages
in laboratory setting, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness
Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it. This research protocol demonstrates which concept?
inattention blindness
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.
increase
reinforcement
increases behavior
every time you eat fast food your stomach feels funny. you conclude that fast food makes your stomach feel funny
inductive
