psych exam 2 QUIZ ANSWERS

Specified number of responses have been made

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Generalization

After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of

Sensory adaptation

After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates

Phantom limb sensations

After losing his left hand in an accident, Jack continued to experience pain in his nonexistent hand. His experience illustrates

Sleep apnea

An air pump that keeps the sleeper's airway open and breathing regular is often prescribed for serious cases of

Positive reinforcer

Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)

Similarity

Because the two teams wore different-colored uniforms, Cheri perceived the 10 basketball players as two distinct groups. This best illustrates the principle of

The organization of information into meaningful units

Chunking refers to

Observational learning

Dan and Joel, both 4-year-olds, have been watching reruns of "Superman" on television. Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try flying. What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

Amphetamines ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.Decrease; increase

Decrease; increase

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

Diminish immunity to disease

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Echoic memory refers to

Stage 1

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep.

The presentation of food in the dog's mouth

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the US was

Rehearsal

In an effort to remember how to spell "rhinoceros," Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream.

Latent content

Sensory input is organized and interpreted

Perception is the process by which

Classical conditioning

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

Aversive; pleasant

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior.

Increase; increase

Positive reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding.

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

Psychoactive

Hippocampus

The rear area of the ________ grows bigger the longer a London cab driver has been navigating the maze of city streets.

Disinhibitor

The reckless aggressive behavior that may follow alcohol consumption best illustrates that alcohol may act as a(n)

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis receives support from evidence that

hypnotized ppl can endure pain without experiencing emotional distress.

Getting information into memory

The process of encoding refers to

Sensation

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

Perceiving distance

Retinal disparity is an important cue for

Operant conditioning

Shaping is a(n) ________ procedure.

Sensory memory

Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory.

Memory

The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye

The blind spot is located in the area of the retina

Spinal cord

The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the

Tolerance

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

the perceived whole differs from the sum of its parts

The organizational rules identified by Gestalt psychologists illustrate that

Recall

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used?

Sweating in hot weather

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Smell

Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense?

Long-term memory

Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

Short-term

Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.