psych exam 3 (38,39,40)

If you were to give someone advice about how to become happy and remain happy, which of the following pieces of advice would you offer?

Give priority to close relationships and seek work and leisure activities that you find engaging

Your father-in-law had a serious heart attack several weeks ago. You are concerned because he lives alone. After his heart attack, which of the following acquisitions would increase his odds of survival? A. a dog B. a more reliable automobile C. safety bars in his bathroom D. a bicycle helmet

a. dog

shelby, a university freshman, is experiencing stress and feels mildly depressed. She would be advised to: a. start a program of regular aerobic exercise b. receive training in relaxation c. modify her personality from type B to type A d. make use of the ABC program

a. start a program of regular aerobic exercise

A celebrity actress experiences ever-increasing levels of acclaim following each successful movie role. Yet with each success, she experiences only a temporary surge of subjective well-being. This is best explained in terms of the

adaptation-level phenomenon

The correct order of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is:

an alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion.

Anger is not always wrong because

anger motivates people to take action and achieve goals.

With respect to personality, Type A is to Type B as _____ is to _____. a)distressed; relaxed b)competitive; easygoing c)aggressive; distressed d)hostile; ambitious

b)competitive; easygoing

While inflammation can help fight infections, persistent inflammation heightens the risk of all of the following EXCEPT: a)depression. b)diabetes. c)clogged arteries. d)asthma.

b)diabetes

Walter Cannon postulated that the stress response prepared the body for: a)the production of lymphocytes. b)fight or flight c)emotion-focused coping. d)relative deprivation.

b)fight or flight

Jennifer was driving her car to school when it broke down. Which statement is true? a)The car breaking down is a chronic stress. b)Going to school is a stress response. c)Jennifer's feelings of frustration are a stress reaction. d)Jennifer's driving is a stressor.

c)Jennifer's feelings of frustration are a stress reaction.

People tend to use emotion-focused rather than problem-focused coping strategies when they a. deal with the stress of daily hassles, such as obnoxious cell-phone talkers b. appraise a stressful event as a challenge rather than a threat c.believe they cannot change a stressful situation d. enter the resistance phase of the general adaption syndrome

c. believe they cannot change a stressful situation

which of the following may explain the increased rates of depression and other psychological disorders in young people? a. internal locus control b. emotion-focused coping c.an external locus of control d. learned helplessness

c. external locus of control

The idea that anger is reduced through aggressive action or fantasy is known as

catharsis

Luciano believes that the best way to get over his anger toward his high school algebra teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief is best explained by the

catharsis idea

The pioneering stress theorist _____ proposed the general adaptation syndrome to describe the body's response to stressors. a)Ellen Langer b)Walter Cannon c)Meyer Friedman d)Hans Selye

d) Hans Selye

Sandy is a human resources director for a chain of fast-food restaurants. When interviewing perspective employees, Sandy is known to finish their sentences and to be very short with them if they do not finish a sentence quickly. According to Friedman, Rosenman, and colleagues, which of these would be accurate of Sandy? a)Sandy has a decreased risk of heart problems. b)Sandy is not an intense, anger-prone person. c)Sandy is a Type B personality. d)Sandy is a Type A personality.

d) Sandy is a Type A personality.

aerobic exercise is an effective way to reduce which of the following? a) serotonin activity in the brain b) the release of lymphocytes c) emotion-focused coping d) the blood pressure reaction to stress

d) the blood pressure reaction to stress

Which choice pairs a stage of the general adaptation syndrome with a correct description? a)exhaustion — attempting to cope with the stressor b)exhaustion — perceiving a threat or stressor c)resistance — experiencing the negative physical and psychological consequences of stress d)alarm — perceiving a threat or stressor

d)alarm — perceiving a threat or stressor

Although Catherine's legs are paralyzed, she is able to minimize the stress that the inability to walk might cause by viewing this handicap as a challenge rather than a threat. This illustrates the importance of: a)the general adaptation syndrome. b)the Type A personality. c)biofeedback. d)stress appraisal.

d)stress appraisal

People with _____ have an increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease. a)B lymphocytes b)Type B personalities c)NK cells d)symptoms of depression

d)symptoms of depression

Type _____ personalities direct their negative emotion toward dominating others. D C B A

a

People become exhausted from chronic stress because the _____ is/are overloaded. a)adrenal glands b)hippocampus c)cerebellum d)thyroid

a) adrenal glands

In his general adaptation syndrome, Hans Selye noted that the greatest threat to one's immune system is during the _____ phase. a)exhaustion b)coping c)alarm d)resistance

a) exhaustion

Li Ping lived through China's Cultural Revolution. He narrowly escaped China with his life, leaving family and friends behind to immigrate to the United States. This experience is likely to affect Li Ping: a)severely. b)inconsistently. c)moderately. d)mildly.

a) severely

Gregory Miller and Ekin Blackwell report that chronic stress leads to persistent inflammation, which heightens the risk of both _____ and _____ a)depression; clogged arteries b)hypochondriasis; depression c)anger; pessimism d)clogged arteries; hypochondriasis

a)depression; clogged arteries

T lymphocytes are to ____________ as B lymphocytes are to ___________. a)viruses; bacterial infections b)cancer cells; viruses c)worn-out cells; diseased cells d)bacterial infection; cancer cells

a)viruses; bacterial infections

John is really angry at his boss at work. John's friend suggests John go to the gym and hit the punching bag and pretend it is his boss. The problem with this advice is that: it would be better to just punch a wall. he should scream at a picture of his boss first. it will just provoke more anger when he sees his boss. he would feel better if he just hit his boss.

it will just provoke more anger when he sees his boss.

Olivia has an ongoing disagreement with her husband about their 7-week-old infant. Olivia is certain that the baby can experience a wide variety of emotions. Her husband says young infants do not have that ability. Olivia is right, because according to Carroll Izard, people experience ________ basic emotions, most of which are present at infancy.

10

People who are easygoing, relaxed, and do not let things bother them are classified as Type: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. D. B. A. O.

B

Which statement is true regarding trends in Americans' buying power and happiness since 1950? Buying power has decreased since 1950, but happiness has remained constant. Both buying power and happiness have changed little in the United States since 1950. Both buying power and happiness have increased since 1950. Buying power has increased since 1950, but happiness has remained constant.

Buying power has increased since 1950, but happiness has remained constant

When people are absorbed in an activity that challenges but does not overwhelm them, they are in a state called ______.

flow

Jim recently received a large inheritance from a distant relative. Based on research, we can expect that Jim will: initially be happy, but will then adjust and need more to be happy. be happiest if he spends this money on himself. be happiest if he spends this money on himself. be happiest if he gives it away. initially be happy, and will maintain his level of happiness as long as he has the money. initially be happy, and will maintain his level of happiness as long as he has the money.

initially be happy, but will then adjust and need more to be happy.

People tend to ___________ the long-term emotional impact of sustaining a paralyzing physical injury, and they also tend to ___________ the long-term emotional impact of acquiring wealth

overestimate;overestimate

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study was approved for publication. His joyful feelings quickly dissipated, however, when he heard that his colleague recently had three different research articles approved for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained by the

relative deprivation principle

Researchers use a measure of ____________ to determine a person's self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life

subjective well-being

One's tendency to be helpful when already in a positive mood is called

the feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Pioneering thinkers in psychology's history recognized the importance of happiness. _____, for example, wrote about it in 1902.

william james