Psych Exam 3 Study

Research finds that when receiving treatment for a substance use problem, the treatment has to last for at least ________ month(s) before a positive outcome is likely to be achieved.

3

About _______ percent of those who seek treatment for a substance use problem tend to relapse and return to using drugs or alcohol after a period of abstinence.

40 to 60

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

95

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Hispanic and African American

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

Which child is most likely to receive treatment for her or his psychological challenge?

Stavros, who suffers from ADHD

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test?

a professional trained in psychology

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

artificial

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? Select one: a. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. b. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. c. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis. d. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills.

b. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence? Select one: a. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) b. Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM) c. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) d. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

b. Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM)

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? Select one: a. memory loss b. becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self c. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time d. rapidly fluctuating mood

b. becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder? Select one: a. surviving a hurricane that destroyed a city b. being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards c. reading about the death of dozens of people in a terrible airplane crash d. a fire to one's home that left no remains

b. being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

Among older Korean Americans, approximately 14% polled felt that having a mentally ill family member would

bring shame to the family

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? Select one: a. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression. b. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen. c. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. d. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed.

c. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? Select one: a. alcohol dependence b. history of previous suicide attempts c. being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.) d. have access to lethal weapons, such as firearms

c. being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

Addiction is often viewed as a(n) ________ disease that can rewire the sufferer's brain.

chronic

in order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Roscoe suffers from cocaine use disorder as well as bipolar disorder. The fact that he has two psychiatric diagnoses at once would make his a ________ situation

comorbid

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

concepts

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms? Select one: a. repetitive patterns of behavior or interests b. deficits in social interactions c. deficits in communication d. severe depressive symptoms

d. severe depressive symptoms

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine and serotonin

Rudy is amazing in all of his school classes, except math. He struggles to understand basic arithmetic concepts, confuses mathematical symbols like "+" and "=", and gets very frustrated and upset at the thought of doing math homework. Rudy has a normal level of cognitive functioning in other areas, and reads and writes with ease. Rudy's parents may want to have him evaluated to see if he suffers from ________.

dyscalculia

Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________.

dysgraphia

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

In Medieval times, what would be the most likely form of treatment for someone suffering the symptoms of a psychological illness?

exorcism

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

fluid

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

free association

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

A particular benefit of ________ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others

group

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

intrapersonal; interpersonal

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

lexicon

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. Select one: a. paranoia b. auditory hallucinations c. visual hallucinations d. manic episodes

manic episodes

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________.

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

musical

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept.

natural

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

What is the Flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

overgeneralization

The amount of time a client spends in psychotherapy is determined by the client's needs as well as his or her ________.

personal goals

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

phoneme

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

Dr. Kaplan is working with a Japanese-American client, and regards the client's silence as an indication that he is not happy to be in therapy. He fails to consider that his client has learned that authority figures should be shown deference and that his silence is a sign of respect. Dr. Kaplan is demonstrating ________.

poor cultural competence

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

psychiatric hosptials

Martha and Mikey go to meet with a psychotherapist and other parents to learn about their adult son's symptoms of schizophrenia. They spend time discussing the illness, learning to understand his challenges, and getting information about how to most effectively help him recover. This approach is called a ________ group.

psychoeducational

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

revealed a genetic component of intelligence

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________.

standardization

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

strategic

Dr. Piccolo is working with a family and determines that the parents do not make rules together and often contradict each other. This leads to confusion among the children who act out because they don't understand what is expected of them in the home. She helps them to get "on the same page" with regard to each family member's place in the home and helps the parents work on their own relationship as co-parents. This is called ________ family therapy.

structural

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a hierarchy of stimuli related to her phobia. Which form of therapy is she using?

systematic desensitization

In the African American community, what has been found to play a significant role as an alternate source of support to mental health services?

the church

Which of the following choices is an emphasis of humanistic approaches to psychotherapy?

the client's present and future

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect actions

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

token economy

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

unconditional positive regard

How long does traditional psychoanalysis typically take?

years