PSYCH FINAL

Emotion typically occur on the order of seconds, whereas moods may last for days, and traits are tendencies to respond a certain way across various situations

"Feelings" is a general term used to describe a wide range of states that include emotions, moods, and traits. These states are similar in the fact that they involve changes in subjective experience, physiological responding, and behavior in response to a meaningful event. What are the differences between these states of emotions, moods, and traits?

continuous distributions

A person does not "have" or "not have" a personality trait but instead can possess varying amounts of it. This is because personality traits reflect ____________________ rather than distinct personality types.

Alison sees herself as a girl who had to endure great hardship growing up with divorced parents but has overcome this obstacle and is now happily married.

A person who grew up in American culture has likely developed a redemptive narrative. Which of the examples best represents this concept?

adaptation

After people first react to good or bad events their feelings and reactions tend to dampen down over time and they return toward their original level of subjective well-being. This process is known as what concept?

problem-focused coping

Albert has a large project due to his boss by the end of the week. Although it's stressful, Albert makes a step-by-step to-do list to ensure he can accomplish the project on time. Albert is displaying what type of coping?

a stronger immune system

An example outcome of high subjective well-being includes:

autobiographical author

Around adolescence a person is able to start reconstructing their personal story. In other words, the self becomes a(n):

turning one's focus inward

As a drive state intensifies, attention is directed toward certain elements to ensure the fulfillment of that drive. What is one form of narrowing of attention that occurs during this time?

major depressive disorder

Celine has been having difficulty sleeping, cannot seem to concentrate at work, is sad most of the time, and seems to have lost interest in things that she always used to enjoy. Which disorder is Celine most likely suffering from?

Exposure exercises

Cognitive behavioral therapies are effective treatments for anxiety disorders. _____________ is/are a key component of this therapy.

mock witnesses

Dr. Rjinteck is interested in false eyewitness reports. She is conducting a study to see if a participant's judgment can be influenced if he/she is making decisions in a group of people versus alone. However, the other group members are not participants. Instead, they are research assistants who are "in on the study" and simply acting or playing the part of witnesses in the study. These pretend research subjects are known as _____________ in a study.

reward value

Even though you already ate a huge dinner, you can't say no to a nice big bowl of ice cream. The ice-cream has a high:

happy lawyers are more likely to win cases

Happiness has been shown to be associated with a number of desirable outcomes such as __________.

proactive interference

If old experiences disrupt recall of new experiences, this is referred to as:

production test

Imagine that you are trying to teach your friend a new language. In order to make sure they are learning the vocabulary, you have them write down, from memory, every word they can think of that has to do with clothes (i.e., you have them write down words like dress, pants, shoes, shorts, t-shirt, etc.). This type of memory performance is referred to as:

four days

In order for a mood-related episode to qualify as a period of hypomania, the associated symptoms of elevation must last for a minimum of:

bounded awareness

Joseph is very focused on counting the number of acorns that have fallen from a tree in his front yard. He is concentrating so hard, in fact, that he fails to notice the obvious and important fact that there is dog poop underneath the tree as well. Failing to notice this available information leads Joseph to step in the mess. Which of the following is this an example of?

motivated skepticism

Kari visited the doctor recently who told her she needed to start eating better or she is at risk for a heart attack within the next few years. Kari is very motivated to view herself in a positive light and doesn't like the news the doctor gave her. She wonders if the doctor's tests could have been inaccurate. Kari's uncertainty over her health results from the doctor is an example of what?

independent

Knowing Paige is extremely high in Extraversion does not help predict her scores on Neuroticism. This is because scores within the Five-Factor Model are mostly ___________, where two traits are separate from one another. Thus, in the Five-Factor Model, you need five scores to describe most of an individual's personality.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Kyle is so preoccupied with avoiding germs that he washes his hands as many as 20 times an hour. Kyle most likely suffers from:

semantic memory

Memory that is not embedded in a context is called:

John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment.

Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios?

door-in-the-face

Oscar would like to go to a movie without supervision. To try and get what he wants, he starts by asking his mom if he can go on a trip to the Rollercoaster Park with just his friends. When his mom says no, like he predicted, he goes on to ask if he can at least go to the movies by himself. Oscar's strategy in asking to go to the movies is an example of what persuasion trick?

They provide information regarding how drugs are metabolized by the body.

Pharmacokinetics are important because: They provide information regarding how drugs are metabolized by the body. .

a need or desire that directs and energizes human behavior

Psychologists best define motivation as:

form the impressions he makes of these club members after only one meetings

Randy has joined a new social club on campus. Is it likely that Randy will:

psychoticism

Research has repeatedly supported the notion that adult personality exists as a combination of the "big five" personality traits. Which of the following is NOT a big five personality trait?

culture

Shared, socially transmitted ideas that are reflected in and reinforced by institutions, products, and rituals are called __________.

interdependent

The ______________ self is prevalent in many collectivistic, East Asian contexts where the goal is to suppress personal preferences and desires, and to adjust to others. In other words, people with this type of self, view themselves as connected to others.

Carol Rogers

The figure most associated with the person centered therapy movement is:

They have a theory of mind.

The observation that Chimpanzees are able to use deceptive tactics when competing for food indicates:

helping an individual resolve unconscious conflicts

The primary mechanism by which psychoanalytic therapies are thought to work is by:

bounded ethicality

The systematic ways in which our ethics are limited in ways we are not even aware of ourselves is called _______________.

Authority figures quite often have hidden agendas that must be protected against.

Uncritical trust in authority can lead to significant problems for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

test nonverbal abilities such as the ability to copy block designs

Wechsler designed IQ tests that provide specific scores for different kinds of abilities. Performance items:

The honesty-humility dimension was added to describe people who are sincere, fair, and modest, not manipulative, narcissistic, or self-centered.

What are characteristics of the dimension added by the HEXACO model to the Five-Factor Model?

behavioral medicine

What is a field similar to health psychology that integrates psychological factors in the treatment of disease?

foils

When Gerard flipped through photographs trying to find the perpetrator of a crime he witnessed, he did not see the suspect. Instead, all the members of the lineup were _________.

self-interest

When a person positively values the outcomes of others, giving them more than necessary from a desire to be fair the person is operating under the bounds of:

children and older adults

Which groups would memory researchers likely say would be the most susceptible to misinformation?

Intravenous administration can reach the brain in less than 10 seconds.

Which of the following is a major difference between digesting drugs orally and taking them intravenously? a. In the case of illegal drugs, intravenous use can lead to overdose but oral administration cannot. b. Although absorption is slower through intravenous administration, this is the only way for drugs to reach the brain. c. Although absorption is slower through oral digestion, this is the only way for drugs to reach the brain. d. Intravenous administration can reach the brain in less than 10 seconds.

Carol Dweck

Which psychologist conducts research on the mindset of children looking at differences in high and low achievers with similar IQ scores?

central

While reading a magazine Juan notices an advertisement for tennis shoes. Juan is very interested in reading about the materials the shoes are made out of and logically concludes the tennis shoes would be a good purchase. Juan was likely in which persuasion route?

Psychiatric medications can enhance the effects of psychotherapies

While there are many types of effective psychotherapies many people decide to add psychiatric medications to their treatment. Why is this the case?

It is a popular word that can refer to different things such as feeling good or being satisfied.

Why do scientists sometimes avoid using the word happiness when referring to subjective well-being?

Generalized anxiety

____________________________ is characterized by constant worry over minor and catastrophic events. Other complaints, such as muscle tension, fatigue, and irritability are also common.