Psych final exam 1 and 2

Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events and chemicals, such as hormones, associated with behavior. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches? (a.)biopsychological (b.)learning (c.)sociocultural (d.)cognitive

(a.)biopsychological

a detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a ______________. (a.)case study (b.)representative sample (c.)naturalistic observation (d.)single blind study

(a.)case study

Last month Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs, so he no longer likes chili dogs. Walter has experienced: (a.)conditioned taste aversion (b.)blocking (c.)non-contingent conditioning (d.)operant taste conditioning

(a.)conditioned taste aversion

messages from other cells are received by the: (a.)dendrites (b.)ions (c.)membranes (d.)axons

(a.)dendrites

Godden and Baddeley found that if you study on land, you do better when tested on land and if you study underwater then you do better tested underwater. This finding is an example of _________. (a.)encoding specificity (b.)accessible decoding (c.)memorability (d.)registered learning

(a.)encoding specificty

Your memory at the moment you heard about the planes crashing into New Yorks Twin Towers on September 11, 2001 would be most appropriately termed a(n)________. (a.)flashbulb (b.)episodic (c.)repressed (d.)autobiographical

(a.)flashbulb

the case of H.M. shows that the _______ is integral in the information of the new long term declarative memories. (a.)hippocampus (b.)amygdala (c.)prefrontal cortex (d.)medulla

(a.)hippocampus

After reading about the possible causes of schizophrenia, a scientist things that a virus is the most likely cause. What term most accurately describes the scientist's idea? (a.)hypothesis (b.)experimental estimate (c.)extraneous variable (d.)dependent variable

(a.)hypothesis

the emerging field of brain imagery in cognitive neuroscience has developed methods, such as MRI, to examine _________. (a.)images of the living brain (b.)select biopsied portions of the brain (c.)acute time of death in stroke patients (d.)biopsies of the brain of a cadaver

(a.)images of the living brain

the portion of memory that is more or less permanent is called ______________. (a.)long term memory (b.working memory (c.)eidetic memory (d.)primary memory

(a.)long term memory

"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of __________. (a.)functionalism (b.)Gestalt psychologist (c.)psychoanalysis (d.)introspection

(b.)Gestalt psychologist

Alicia accidentally touched a hot curling iron on her dresser and quickly jerked back her hand. Which neuron is responsible for carrying the message from alicias spinal cord to the muscles in her arm, causing her hand to yank away from the hot curling iron? (a.)motor neuron (b.)reflex neuron (c.)interneuron (d.)sensory neuron

(a.)motor neuron

which research method involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way? (a.)case study (b.)naturalist observation (c.)experiment (d.)correlation studies

(a.)naturalist observation

What is the name of the cell that sends and receives messages in the nervous system? (a.)neuron (b.)myelin (c.)axon (d.dendrite

(a.)neuron

Roger went to McDonalds to observe people eating in fast food restaurants. he brought a camera crew and bright lights, and they all wore yellow jump suits. Roger said he wanted to do a naturalistic observation but may have had some problems because of_____________. (a.)observer effects (b.)participant observation (c.)eating McDonalds food (d.)room crowding

(a.)observer effects

imagine your first car you learned to drive was a ,annual transmission with a clutch, but the car you drive now is an automatic. Sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there. This example illustrates _______. (a.)proactive interference (b.)anterograde amnesia (c.)retrograde amnesia (d.)retroactive interference

(a.)proactive interference

Which treatment approach did sigmund freud develop for treating his patients? (a.)psychoanalysis (b.)clinical psychology (c.)neuropsychology (d.)drug therapy

(a.)psychoanalysis

Which of the following situations best illustrates the placebo effect? (a.)you drink a nonalcoholic drink and become "intoxicated" because you think it contains alcohol (b.)you throw up after eating bad meat (c.)you have surgery to repair a defective heart valve (d.)you sleep because you are tired

(a.)you drink a nonalcoholic drink and become "intoxicated" because you think it contains alcohol

Memory is defined as an active system that consists of three processes. They are ________. (a.)receiving the information from the senses, organizing and storing the information, and retrieving the information from storage (b.)bottom up processing, selective attention, and top down processing (c.)the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned response (d.)acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery

(a.)receiving the information from the senses, organizing and storing the information, and retrieving the information from storage

A multiple choice test requires the use of what time of retrieval process? (a.)recognition (b.)rote memorization (c.)recall (d.)encoding

(a.)recognition

Freud said phobias were ___________ whereas Watson said phobias were ___________. (a.)repressed conflicts;learned (b.)sexual;unconscious (c.)conditioned;unconditioned (d.)learned;inherited

(a.)repressed conflicts;learned

Trying to remember someone's name whom you met long ago is an example of what type of process? (a.)retrieval (b.)storage (c.)decoding (d.)encoding

(a.)retrieval

Clive Wearing has a rare memory problem. Even after meeting with his wife, he says that he has never seen another human being or had a thought in his life. Clive is suffering from: (a.)retrograde and anterograde amnesia (b.)extreme forgetfulness (c.)retrograde amnesia (d.)anterograde amnesia

(a.)retrograde and anterograde amnesia

if you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the _________ perspective. (a.)socioculture (b.)psychodynamic (c.)behavioral (d.)cognitive

(a.)socioculture

The fact that you prefer blondes because your last love interest had blonde hair best illustrates _______________. (a.)stimulus generalization (b.)discrimination gradient (c.)stimulus discrimination (d.)generalization gradient

(a.)stimulus generalization

in the curve of forgetting developed by Ebbinghaus, the greatest amount of forgetting occurs _______. (a.)within the first hour after learning new material (b.)within the first day after learning new material (c.)near the end of the retrieval period (d.)near the middle of the retrieval period

(a.)within the first hour after learning new material

Who was an early proponent of functionalism? (a.)William James (b.)Max Wertheimer (c.)Wilhem Wundt (d.)Ivan Pavlov

(a.)William James

Which of the following statements is correct concerning correlation coefficients? (a.)a correlation of +.89 and -.89are both strong and equally so (b.)a correlation of +.89 is strong and -.89 is weak (c.)a correlation of +1.5 is very strong (d.)correlation coefficients are indicators of cause and effect

(a.)a correlation of +.89 and -.89 are both strong and equally so

Decay is the fading of: (a.)a memory trace (b.)procedural memory (c.)the semantic network (d.)implicit memory

(a.)a memory trace

An unlearned, involuntary response, such as salivating when presented with food, is: (a.)a reflex (b.)stimulus generalization (c.)biological preparedness (d.)a conditioned response

(a.)a reflex

Mary suffered a head injury in a car accident last week. Since that time, she is able to speak fluently but uses the wrong words when expressing herself. Mary may be exhibiting ____________ amnesia. (a.)Korsakoff's (b.)Wernicke's (c.)Gall's (d.)Brocas's

(b.)Wernicke's

a group of randomly selected subjects for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ___________. (a.)volunteer bias (b.)a representative sample (c.)a control group (d.)an experimental group

(b.)a representative sample

Pedro was able to recall his new friend's phone number by reminding himself that the last four digits were the same as his own, just in a different oder. Pedro was able to use ______ to help him remember his friend's phone number. (a.)chunking (b.)a retrieval que (c.)the digit span technique (d.)implicit memory

(b.)a retrieval que

normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as ________. (a.)a digestive reflux (b.)an unconditioned response (c.)a conditioned response (d.)a voluntary response

(b.)an unconditioned response

Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to her pantry, her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry, by drooling and whining. She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry the sound of the door had become a(n) ______. (a.)unconditioned response (b.)conditioned stimulus (c.)unconditioned stimulus (d.)conditioned response

(b.)conditioned stimulus

the charged particles inside and outside the cell are called: (a.)nuclei (b.)ions (c.)membranes (d.)axons

(b.)ions

Traditionally, many have made the analogy that the left brain is to the right brain as_______. (a.)intuitive is to perceptual (b.)logical is to artistic (c.)intuitive is to analytical (d.)verbal is to analytical

(b.)logical is to artistic

which of the following is NOT an example of a test using recall? (a.)fill in the blank (b.)matching (c.)essay (d.)short answer

(b.)matching

recalling the definition of long term memory is an example of _______. (a.)episodic memory (b.)semantic memory (c.)implicit memory (d.)working memory

(b.)semantic memory

you train your dog Milo to salivate at the sound of a bell. Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don't following the ringing with food for milo. He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings. But the next morning, when you ring the bell milo salivates! what term is used to explain the reappearance of this response? (a.)instinctive drift (b.)spontaneous recovery (c.)stimulus discrimination (d.)counterconditioning

(b.)spontaneous recovery

Just as Khalif approaches the podium to give his speech he realizes that his heart is racing, his mouth is dry, his breathing is faster and his mind is blank. The division of Khalif's nervous system that has just been activated is the: (a.)parasympathetic division (b.)sympathetic division (c.)somatic division (d.)central division

(b.)sympathetic division

When given a lost of grocery items to remember, Marissa can only recall the last several items on the list. Marissa's memory lapse is a good illustration of_________. (a.)the primacy effect (b.)the recency effect (c.)retrograde amnesia (d.)anterograde amnesia

(b.)the recency effect

Janie is taking an exam in her history class. On the exam, there is a question that ask her to state and discuss five major causes of the Trans Caspian War. Janie remembers four of them. she knows there is a fifth and can almost remember it, she knows it starts with a "t". Janie is walking down the stairs when all of the sudden she remembers the fifth point is taxes, but it is too late. Janie is suffering from: (a.)evaluation overload (b.)the tip of the tongue phenomenon (c.)storage inversion (d.)encoding problems

(b.)the tip of the tongue phonomenon

Evolutionary psychology might suggest that certain cognitive strategies and goals are built into the brain because: (a.)they are the result of memories we have inherited from our ancestors (b.)they help humans adapt to their natural environment (c.)they are the result of learning that has taken place over many centuries (d.)human brains are similar to the brains of higher primates

(b.)they help humans adapt to their natural environment

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by ____________. (a.)Sigmund Freud (b.)William Tell (c.)Wilhelm Wundt (d.)William James

(c.) Wilhem Wundt

Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology? (a.)the scientific study of behavior (b.)the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes (c.)the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (d.)the scientific of mental processes

(c.) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

the area of the frontal lobe that is devoted to the production of fluent speech is __________ area. (a.)Wernicke's (b.)Korsaloff's (c.)Broca's (d.)Gall's

(c.)Broca's

Who was the first african american to earn a Ph.D. in psychology? (a.)Phil McGraw (b.)Charles Thompson (c.)Francis Cecil Sumner (d.)Edward Burns

(c.)Francis Cecil Sumner

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was _________. (a.)Skinner (b.)Tolman (c.)Pavlov (d.)Kohler

(c.)Pavlov

in the semantic network model of memory, concepts that are related in meaning ______. (a.)are archaic (b.)are not physically proximal (c.)are stored physically closer to each other than concepts that are not highly related (d.)all of these are true

(c.)are stored physically closer to each other than concepts that are not highly related

Little Albert's acquired fear of a white rat was a classic example of a(n) _________________. (a.)classical counter conditioned (b.)negatively reinforced (c.)conditioned emotional (d.)positively reinforced

(c.)conditioned emotional

When children witness other children cry when getting a vaccination, and the witnesses then cry before the needle even touches them, it is an example of: (a.)biological preparedness (b.)an unconditioned response (c.)a reflex (d.)vicarious conditioning

(d.)vicarious conditioning

a farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. in an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat his sheep. The farmer is attempting to apply the principle of _______ to accomplish this. (a.)observational learning (b.)latent learning (c.) conditioned taste aversions (d.)instrumental conditioning

(c.)conditioned taste aversions

endorphins help the body: (a.)regulate hormones (b.)regulate growth (c.)control pain (d.)stave off depression

(c.)control pain

the thick band of neuron that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the ____________. (a.)cerebrum (b.)cortex (c.)corpus callosum (d.)cerebellum

(c.)corpus callosum

memories for general facts and personal information are called ________. (a.)procedural memories (b.)factual memory (c.)declarative memories (d.)episodic memory

(c.)declarative memories

in one wanted to use the best method to get storage into long term memory, one would use ________________. (a.)maintenance rehearsal (b.)sleep learning (c.)elaborative rehearsal (d.)rote rehearsal

(c.)elaborative rehearsal

remembering your first day of college classes is an example of ______ memories. (a.)implicit (b.)semantic (c.)episodic (d.)working

(c.)episodic

When Pavlov stopped giving the dogs food after the real CS, they stopped salivating to the sound of the ticking. This is called: (a.)higher order conditioning (b.)stimulus generalization (c.)extinction (d.)acquisition

(c.)extinction

in the parallel distributed processing model of memory, ________. (a.)information is stored simultaneously in unconnected regions of the brain (b.)information is associated in sets of classically conditioned neurons across the neocortex (c.)information is simultaneously stored in a network that stretches across the brain (d.)none of these are correct

(c.)information is simultaneously stored in a network that stretches across the brain

_______ is any relatively permeant change in behavior brought about by any experience or practice. (a.)adaption (b.)memory enhancement (c.)learning (d.)muscle memory

(c.)learning

Insertion into the brain of a thin insulated wire through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire is called ___________. (a.)CT scanning (b.)ESB (c.)lesioning (d.)EEG

(c.)lesioning

In order to remember the short list of groceries her mother gave her, Denver repeated the list to herself over and over again until she got all of the items from the store that she needed. Denver's method of memorizing the grocery list involved the process of ___________. (a.)chunking (b.)echoic rehearsal (c.)maintenance rehearsal (d.)memory tracing

(c.)maintenance rehearsal

________________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage. (a.)operant conditioning (b.)learning (c.)memory (d.)classical conditioning

(c.)memory

After a head injury, a person reports that she is unable to see, although her eyes are uninjured. A doctor would suspect an injury in the ___________ lobe. (a.)frontal (b.)parietal (c.)occipital (d.)temporal

(c.)occipital

Dr. Braunz has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given the information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a ______________. (a.)humanist psychologist (b.)psychoanalyst (c.)psychiatrist (d.)school psychologist

(c.)psychiatrist

a display of 12 letters is flashed on a screen in front of you followed by a tone. you attempt to recall a portion of the display based on the specific tone you heard. what aspect of your memory is this experiment designed to assess? (a.)long term memory (b.)primary memory (c.)sensory memory (d.)short term memory

(c.)sensory memory

The three parts of the information processing model of memory are_____. (a.)CS,UCS,UR, and CR (b.)encoding, storage, and retrieval (c.)sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory (d.)shallow, medium, and deep processing

(c.)sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory

Kevin the school board's secretary, was asked to save all of the information he recorded from the town meeting so that the school board could refer back to it whenever necessary. Kevin's saved recording related best to which step of the process of memory? (a.)encoding (b.)retrieval (c.)storage (d.)decoding

(c.)storage

________________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied. (a.)field research (b.)the single blind study (c.)the double blind study (d.)correlational research

(c.)the double blind study

________ is a system used for reducing bias and error in measurement of data. (a.)statistics (b.)checks and balances (c.)the scientific method (d.)the double blind method

(c.)the scientific method

________________ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group. (a.)correlational research (b.)field research (c.)the single blind study (d.)the double blind study

(c.)the single blind study

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as: (a.)quick to slow (b.)auditory is to visual (c.)visual is to auditory (d.)implicit is to explicit

(c.)visual is to auditory

While Margaret Floy Washburn may have been the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the U.S(in 1894), the first african American woman to do so was ___________ in 1934 at the university of Minnesota. (a.)Inez Beverly Prosser (b.)Margaret Mahler (c.)Anna Frued (d.)Ruth Howard

(d.) Ruth Howard

The class is playing a game of Jeopardy! and its your turn. "Ill take Pioneers in psychology for $50." The revealed answer is "focused on unconscious factors." just before the buzzer sounds, what will you say? (a.)"who is B.F. Skinner?" (b.)"who are behaviorist?" (c.)"who are humanist?" (d.)"who is Sigmund Freud?"

(d.)"who is sigmund freud?"

Tayla, psychology major, just conducted a survey for class where she asked students about their opinions regarding evolution. When Tayla thinks back on this experience, which of the following statements is accurate? (a.)Tayla will be using her semantic memory only (b.)Tayla will be using her episodic memory only (c.)Taylas ability to recall the factual details about the survey illustrates episodic memory, while her recollections of talking with students illustrates semantic memory. (d.)Taylas ability to recall the factual details about the survey illustrates semantic memory, while her recollections of talking with the students illustrates episodic memory.

(d.)Taylas ability to recall the facial details about the survey illustrates semantic memory while her recollections of talking with the students illustrates episodic memory

which of the following statements is correct? (a.)an M.D. and a Ph.D. are pretty much the same thing (b.)a psychiatrist generally goes to graduate school, but not medical school (c.)psychiatric social workers can prescribe medication (d.)a psychologist has no medical training

(d.)a psychologist has no medical training

the peripheral nervous system is made up of: (a.)the brain and the spinal cord (b.)the parietal lobes and the frontal lobes (c.)the cerebellum and the hippocampus (d.)all the nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord

(d.)all the nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of ___________. (a.) consciousness (b.)the brain (c.)the mind (d.)behavior

(d.)behavior

Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order. She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE. This tactic is called _____________. (a.)cueing (b.)rote rehearsal (c.)shadowing (d.)chunking

(d.)chunking

every time Maricella goes to work in the morning she notices that her dog sulks in the corner of the room and looks very sad. Over several weeks, she notices that the dog gets unhappy when she picks up her car keys, immediately before leaving the house. Which phenomenon of learning best describes the dog's behavior? (a.)instinctive drift (b.)innate learning (c.)punishment by removal (d.)classical conditioning

(d.)classical conditioning

the venom of a black window spider causes neurons to release a flood of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This can cause: (a.)vomiting and diarrhea (b.)paralysis and shock (c.)relaxation and sleepiness (d.)convulsions and possible death

(d.)convulsions and possible death

a(n) ____________ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another. (a.)independent variable (b.)experimental effect (c.)dependent variable (d.)correlation

(d.)correlation

in the levels of processing model of memory, information that gets processed at a ____________ level (such as accessing the meaning of a word or phrase)is more likely to be retained longer and form a stronger memory than information that is processed at a ________ level (such as the visual characteristics of a word). (a.)lower;higher (b.)shallower;deeper (c.)higher;lower (d.)deeper;shallower

(d.)deeper;shallower

The first step in memory process is __________ information in a form that the memory system can use. (a.)retrieving (b.)storing (c.)evaluating (d.)encoding

(d.)encoding

A negative correlation means that ___________. (a.)high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other (b.)low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other (c.)there is no relationship between the two variables (d.)high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other

(d.)high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other

A stimulus that has no effect on the desired response is a(n): (a.)conditioned stimulus (b.)unconditioned stimulus (c.)ineffective stimulus (d.)neutral stimulus

(d.)neutral stimulus

Shalissa has two exams today. One is in french and the other is in history. Last night she studied french before history. When she gets to her test all she can remember is history. Shalissa's memory is suffering from ________. (a.)cue dependent forgetting (b.)decay (c.)proactive interference (d.)retroactive interference

(d.)retroactive interference

Your mother tells you, "you could be in a room filled with noise, but you always hear what you want to hear." this statement best reflects which of the following concepts related to short term memory? (a.)echoic memory (b.)eidetic imagery (c.)photographic memory (d.)selective attention

(d.)selective attention

information gets from sensory memory to short term memory through the process of ________________. (a.)elaborative rehearsal (b.)automatic encoding (c.)maintenance rehearsal (d.)selective attention

(d.)selective attention

Four year old Joshua reacts with anxiety to the sound of thunder. A chair slides across the wooden floor, making a sound similar to thunder. Joshua reacts with some slight anxiety. This is an example of: (a.)stimulus discrimination (b.)a spontaneous recovery (c.)a neutral stimulus (d.)stimulus generalization

(d.)stimulus generalization

How are minds help us adapt to the world around us was a primary question addressed by which early movement of psychology? (a.)cognitivism (b.)behaviorism (c.)structuralism (d.)functionalism

(d.)structuralism

you decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a metronome. You sound the metronome and then several minutes later you give the dog a biscuit. You do this several times but no conditioning seems to occur. This is probably because _______. (a.)the metronome was not a distinctive sound (b.)you should have had an even longer interval between the metronome and the biscuit (c.)the metronome should have been sounded after the animal ate the biscuit (d.)the biscuit was given too long after the sound of the metronome

(d.)the biscuit was given too long after the sound of the metronome

a researcher is investigating the effects of exercise on weight. What are the independent and dependent variables? (a.)the independent variable is weight; the dependent variable is calories consumed (b.)the independent variable is calories consumed; the dependent variable is diet (c.)the dependent variable is amount of exercise; the independent variable is calories consumed (d.)the dependent variable is weight; the independent variable is exercise

(d.)the dependent variable is weight; the independent variable is exercise