Psych Final Exam
Family therapy
A form of group therapy that may be undertaken from the systems approach is called__________.
A
According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage of child development is dominated by: A) learning to coordinate perception of the self and of the environment with motor activity. B) using words and symbols to represent objects and relationships among them. C) operating with logical thought. D) learning skills through ethnic diversity.
A
According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is the ideal form of love? A) Consummate love B) Romantic Love C) Intimate Love D) Passionate Love
Noradrenaline
Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of__________in the brain.
A
As part of a study in auditory perception, a group of students was made to listen to a low-volume music track. When they first put on their headphones, they almost couldn't hear anything. But as they became more attentive, the sound gradually became clearer. This is an example of _____. A) sensitization B) subliminal stimulation C) retinal disparity D) pitch increase
A
Based on the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling? A) It relies on observational learning. B) It relies on principles of dynamics. C) It relies on principles of aversion. D) It relies on nondirective cognition.
Social phobia
Katie is excessively fearful of meeting new people. She eats at her desk at work to avoid any social contact with her coworkers and consistently refuses their invitations to go out for parties. Psychologists will most likely diagnose Katie with__________.
Body dismorphic disorder
People with__________are preoccupied with exaggerated or imagined physical defects; continuous hair pulling, and compulsive skin-picking.
B
Somatoform disorders involve: A) the conversion of anxiety into a physical form. B) complaints of physical problems. C) repressed memories. D) the transformation of anger into a physical illness.
B
Sujay is conducting a research on a group of factory machinists as part of a study on work stress and heart disease. Before conducting his study, he explains the objective of the study to the subjects and tells them what they would need to do. He gives them the opportunity to choose if they want to participate or not. In other words, sujay is seeking _____________ A) reinforcement B) informed consent C) a placebo D) participant exclusion
bipolar disorder
Ecstatic elation and deep depression are both aspects of__________.
C
Mary has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Mary has: A) Positive symptoms B) Negative symptoms C) Both positive and negative symptoms D) Neutral symptoms
D
Since 15% of a university comprises asian-american students, a sample for a study was chosen in such a way that it too, consisted of 50% asian-american students. This sample would be an example of a _____________ A) random sample B) static sample C) crowd sample D) stratified sample
B
__________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes A) physiology B) Psychology C) sociology D) ecology
C
The Pittsburgh Steelers are playing a game in their home stadium. The stadium is full of fans. They are likely to do their best because so many of the fans are cheering them on to victory. In the context of group behavior, this is the result of: A) Social pressure B) Conformity C) Social facilitation D) Polarization
D
According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development have: A) high achievement motivation B) the ability to form attachments C) poor depth perception D) the ability to hypothesize
B
Ashton was struggling to focus on an assignment that was due the next day. This was because he was constantly thinking about a fight that he had gotten into with his friend earlier in the day. However, he consciously tried to push these thoughts away by instructing himself to focus on the assignment. Ashton was using _________ to put away the disturbing thoughts. A) repression B) suppression C) selective attention D) subliminal stimulation
B
Despite being blind, Brian has never had a problem understanding how to use his limbs. He has been able to accurately judge the position and motion of his body parts, and thus, he is able to perform activities such as walking and eating quite normally. Which of the following senses is illustrated in the scenario? A) psychokinesis B) kinesthesis C) telepathy D) clairvoyance
C
Emmett is 21 years old. He finished his undergraduate studies and found a job. After a few months, he quit and joined another firm with a different job description. In the same year, he switched apartments more than once, with minimal furniture. Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is best depicted in the scenario? A) The age of self-focus B) The age of possibilities C) The age of instability D) The age of feeling in-between
Unconditional positive regard
In client-centered therapy,__________refers to respect for clients as human beings with unique values and goals.
B
Mary and Ted are working with a therapist to strengthen their communication, express their uncomfortable feelings, and learn to share in the decision-making process. In which of the following therapies are they involved? A) Communication therapy B) Couple therapy C) Aversion therapy D) Affective therapy
C
Posttraumatic stress disorder: A) causes people to complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. B) occurs within a month of the event and lasts from two days to four weeks. C) may occur months or years after the event. D) causes people to have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression.
Schizotypal personality disorder
Sarah's thinking is considered to be peculiar. She mixes up words from different languages and strings them along in rambling sentences. She plays out her fantasy of living in a world of cotton candy all day. However, she does not suffer from hallucinations or delusions. Sarah is displaying symptoms of__________.
D
The difference between major depressive disorder and run-of-the-mill depression is that: A) people with run-of-the-mill depression suffer from psychomotor retardation. B) the depression is less severe in people with major depressive disorder. C) the depression lasts longer in people with run-of-the-mill depression. D) the feeling of lack of energy, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities is more intense in people with major depressive disorder.
C
What are two qualities of Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy? A) Nondirective and passive B) Directive and passive C) Active and directive D) Invasive and active
C
When Jolly met his supervisor immediately after getting hired, he remembered to smile as he answered her questions. In terms of social perception, Jolly wants his supervisor to form a positive: A) Cognitive dissonance B) Polarization C) First impression D) Prejudice
A
Which of the following best describes attitude? A) It is an enduring mental representation of a person, place, or thing that typically evokes an emotional response and related behavior. B) It is the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind. C) It is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas—a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression. D) It is the expression of repressed feelings and impulses to allow the release of the psychic energy associated with them.
C
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of psychological disorders? A) A faulty perception or interpretation of reality B) Personal distress C) Socially acceptable behavior D) Self-defeating behavior
B
Which of the following is a factor that contributes to attraction? A) Dissimilarity B) Reciprocity C) Social Conflict D) Prejudice
D
Which of the following is true of stereotyping? A) Stereotyping and prejudice are completely unrelated. B) Stereotyping is always positive. C) Stereotyping is the view that persuasive messages are evaluated on the basis of central and peripheral cues. D) Stereotyping may lead people to view members of groups in a biased fashion.
B
Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists? A) counseling psychologist s have clients with serious psychological disorders B) clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior. C) school psychologists focus on planning instructional methods for a school system rather than on individual children. D) health psychologists apply psychology to the criminal justice system
B
Which of the following substances is a depressant? A) Marijuana B) Nembutal C) Nicotine D) Mescaline
A
Which of these factors does NOT contribute to aggressive behavior? A) Empathy B) Belief in justifiable aggression C) Offensive interpretation of another's motives D) Social approval of aggression
C
Which of these is a function of the medulla of the brain? A) it serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation B) it receives messages from skin senses all over the body C) it plays roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing D) it handles the regulation of body temperature and concentration of fluids
A
_________ are parents who generally leave their children to themselves. A) uninvolved parents B) authoritative parents C) authoritarian parents
A
____________ relatives have genetic overlap of about 50℅ A) first-degree B) second-degree C) third-degree D) fourth-degree
social skills training
__________refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback.
A
A man cancels an important business trip to a mountainous country because he is afraid of the steep roads and hill climbs. He is also terrified of the cable car ride that he must take to get to his hotel. He goes to a doctor to discuss this problem. In the context of anxiety disorders, which of the following diagnoses is the doctor likely to make? A) Acrophobia B) Social phobia C) Agorophobia D) Claustrophobia
Absolutist thinking
According to Aaron Beck, clients may engage in__________, which means looking at the world in black and white rather than in shades of gray.
Principles of learning
Behavior therapy applies__________to directly promote desired behavioral changes.
C
Delmar believes that he has been sent to Earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to, or associates with, a female is doomed to a life as a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are untrue. Which of the following does Delmar demonstrate? A) Hallucinations B) Stupor C) Delusions D) Catatonia
Free association
In psychoanalysis, the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind is known as__________.
D
Individuals who have experienced severe trauma or victimization may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual traumatic experience. For example, disaster victims or war veterans often have their first symptoms many months after the actual events. These patients are diagnosed as suffering from: A) Illness anxiety disorder B) Dissociative identity disorder C) Generalized anxiety disorder D) Posttraumatic stress disorder
B
Jessie shares personal experiences with her facilitator and several others who demonstrate similar problems. In which of the following therapies is Jessie most likely participating? A) Cognitive therapy B) Group therapy C) Psychoanalysis D) Behavior modification
C
Lisa has been invited to a party. Immediately after receiving the invitation, she meets with a group of friends to discuss what they plan to wear to the party. Lisa then decides what to wear based on everybody's opinion. Lisa's behavior demonstrates: A) obedience to an authority. B) stereotyping C) Conformity D) Groupthink
A
Michael's boss tells him to report to work at 4:00 a.m. the next day. Michael is not happy about arriving at work at such an unusual hour, yet he does as told. In the context of social influence, his behavior is an example of: A) Obedience to an authority B) Groupthink C) Conformity D) Inaccessibility of values
A
People with generalized anxiety disorder: A) suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity. B) show indifference to their symptoms. C) are particularly afraid of suffocation. D) suffer from disturbances in thinking, language, perception, motor behavior, and social interaction.
paranoid personality disorder
People with__________do not show the grossly disorganized thinking of paranoid schizophrenia.
Illness anxiety disorder
People with__________insist that they are suffering from a serious physical malady, even though no medical evidence of sickness can be found.
B
Psychological disorders are: A) predictable responses to specific events. B) sometimes characterized by anxiety. C) considered socially appropriate behavior D) considered normal and do not cause personal distress.
B
Raul goes to a therapist. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. Through this process, the therapist hopes for some unconscious information to be revealed. Which of the following psychoanalytic techniques does the therapist use? A) Transference B) Free association C) Flooding D) Catharsis
C
The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by: A) children being absorbed in watching themselves close and open their hands. B) children thinking in two dimensions. C) children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects. D) children being able to engage in moral reasoning.
The thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation, whereas the hypothalamus controls the regulation of body temperature, concentration of fluids, storage of nutrients, and motivation and emotion.
What is a difference between the thalamus and hypothalamus?
D
Which of the following is symptomatic of sleep apnea? A) Hallucinations such as of a person or object sitting on the chest B) Autonomic activity and muscle tension C) Occurrence of bedwetting D) Obstruction of air passages
D
Which of the following sleep disorders is similar to experiencing nightmares? A) Narcolepsy B) Somnambulism C) Sleep apnea D) Sleep terrors
C
A young man is having trouble getting along with his roommate. Sometimes, his roommate does not speak for days. On other days, he speaks rapidly and nonstop, and is often abrasive and aggressive. The roommate is showing symptoms suggesting: A) Delusional disorder B) Somatoform disorder C) Bipolar disorder D) Anxiety disorder
D
According to Ainsworth, securely attached children: A) always have affectionate and reliable caregivers. B) get along better with peers and are better adjusted in school. C) develop psychological disorders during adolescence. D) seek interaction with their mothers upon reunion.
A
According to Arnett, which of the following is a feature of the stage of emerging adulthood? A) Identity exploration B) Egocentrism C) Mid-life crisis D) Empty nest syndrome
D
Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school anymore because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which concept of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is best depicted in this scenario? A) Cognitive scaffolding B) Objective responsibility C) Personal fable D) Imaginary audience
C
Jason meets a therapist for the first time. During the session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. Which kind of therapy does she likely practice? A) Spiritual therapy B) Behavior therapy C) Client-centered therapy D) Gestalt therapy
D
Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage with her psychoanalyst. When she is asked to talk about the relationship, she becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." Which of the following is indicated by Joan's behavior? A) Transference B) Catharsis C) Free association D) Resistance
C
Katherine is terrified of dogs. To help alleviate her fears, her therapist first teaches her how to relax her muscles. Next, the therapist gradually exposes Katherine to different dogs using virtual reality displays while she relaxes to each presentation. Which of the following is the basis for the virtual therapy used by Katherine's therapist? A) Aversive conditioning B) Resistance C) Systematic desensitization D) Transference
conform
People are said to__________when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms.
Information processing
Prejudices act as cognitive filters through which people view the social world. People tend to think of people as "familiar" or "foreign," or "good" or "bad." Their feelings and reactions toward others may be biased by these perceptions. This source of prejudice is referred to as__________.
A
Richard is 67 years old. His family no longer allows him to go anywhere alone because he often forgets his name and address along with his way home. In addition, Richard is unable to follow instructions and do simple chores like he used to. Which disease does Richard most likely have? A) Alzheimer's disease B) Addison's disease C) Crohn's disease D) Still's Disease
B
Ryan, a psychiatrist, has recommended that his patient stop the use of antianxiety drugs. After two weeks, the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have not abated. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are an expected response to stopping antianxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing? A) Addiction B) Rebound anxiety C) Tolerance D) Relapse
C
Which of the following events occurs during the fourth stage of sleep? A) Brain waves are punctuated by sleep spindles. B) Brain waves slowdown from the alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves. C) The delta waves slow to about 0.5 to 2 cycles per second, and their amplitude is greatest. D) The delta waves have a frequency of 5 to 7 cycles per second.
B
Which of the following is true of children specifically in the concrete operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory? A) They show interest in how things are constructed. B) They show the capacity for adult logic involving tangible objects. C) They believe that physical objects have life. D) They focus on the most apparent dimension of a situation.
C
Which of the following is true of psychokinesis? A) It refers to the perception of objects that do not stimulate the known sensory organs. B) It refers to the direct transmission of thoughts or ideas from one person to another. C) It refers to mentally manipulating or moving objects. D) It refers to the transfer of information through an irregular or unusual process.
A
Which of the following is true of rational emotive behavior therapists? A) They aim to encourage clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations. B) They focus on interpreting dreams and childhood experiences. C) They aim to decrease social anxiety and build social skills through operant-conditioning procedures. D) They aim to magnify the psychological problem to understand its origin.
C
Which of the following statements was proposed by the functionalists? A) the mind functions by combining objective and subjective elements of experience. B) remarkable combinations of behaviors can be taught by means of reinforcement C) adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained. D) our lives are governed by unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts.
D
Which of the following substances is a stimulant? A) Nembutal B) Seconal C) Morphine D) Cocaine
B
Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to perceive an object as being just as luminous even though lighting conditions change its intensity? A) shape constancy B) brightness constancy C) color constancy D) size constancy
A
Which of the following terms describes the electrical impulse that provides the basis for the conduction of a neural impulse along an axon of a neuron? A) the action potential B) the all-or-none principle C) refractory period D) a receptor site
C
Which of the following terms refers to an altered state of consciousness? A) Direct inner awareness B) Nonconsciousness C) Meditation D) Preconsciousness
psychodynamic theories
__________are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud.
specific phobias
__________are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, or heights.
Social cognitive theory
__________is a cognitively oriented learning theory in which observational learning and person variables such as values and expectancies play major roles in individual differences.
Dissociative identity disorder
__________is a disorder in which a person appears to have two or more distinct identities or personalities that may alternately emerge.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
__________is defined by recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control and seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety.