Psych final part 1

The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines have _________ principles and __________ standards.

5 principles, 10 standards

Establishing construct validity would probably be most important for which of the following?

A measure of religiosity

When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose," which section should you read first?

Abstract

Which of the following is the first section of an empirical journal article?

Abstract

Theory-data cycle

According to the text which of the scientific cycles is the most important cycle in science?

A local committee that reviews research that is conducted on animals is known as __________.

An IACUC

Which of the following is an example of applied research?

An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8-year-olds

Which of the following is an example of basic research?

An experimental psychologist who examines peoples ability to perceive a sweet taste

Naomi is studying the effect of popularity on academic success for her research methods project. To do this, she has elementary school students rate how popular each member of their class is. She then uses this information to rank the students on popularity (e.g., John is the most popular, Vanessa is the second-most popular). Which of the following best describes this variable?

An ordinal scale of measurement

Research that is done specifically to solve a practical problem, like increasing memory ability or decreasing symptoms of depression, is known as:

Applied research

Which of the following is NOT an example of "thinking what we want"?

Availability heuristic

Why is plagiarism a violation of ethics?

Because it is akin to stealing, and because it violates an APA standard

When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose," why should you read the abstract first?

Because it provides an overview of the article

Journals and magazines are similar in all the following ways EXCEPT:

Both tend to have their articles peer reviewed.

Sasha believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person and they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. However, she does not ask any of her enemies whether they think she is a nice person. This is an example of which of the following?

Cherry-picking of evidence

An alternative explanation for an outcome is known as a/an:

Confound

To evaluate how well a study supports a frequency claim, you need to focus on evaluating which of the following validities?

Construct validity and external validity

Where do psychological scientists commonly publish their work?

Edited books and Scientific journals

You and your friends go to see a speaker on campus, Dr. Darian, an "expert" on getting into graduate school. Which of the following should make you less skeptical about his advice?

His recommendations are based on research he conducted for his dissertation.

Which of the following is true of the relationship between hypotheses and theories?

Hypotheses are a step taken to determine if a theory is accurate.

Which of the following is the reason that scientific journals use peer review?

It ensures that the studies published are of the highest quality.

Compared with doing a generic Internet search, why is PsycINFO a superior way to find scientific sources?

It provides you with research abstracts.

Both James and Thomas have theories that explain why listening to classical music while reading is associated with increased recall of the material. James's theory is much simpler than Thomas's. Thomas created his theory a few months before James did. Which of the following is true?

James's theory would be considered better because it is more parsimonious.

Diego is interested in examining the relationship between a person's attachment style and his or her relationship satisfaction. He finds 65 studies that have examined this topic. He combines the results of all these studies and calculates an effect size. His research is most accurately described as:

Meta-analysis

Matthew is reading an empirical journal article and wants to know whether the authors used the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) or the NEO-PI to measure extraversion. In which section would he find this information?

Method

Patrick is confident that his short-term memory is better than most people's. He knows this because compared with his friends, he can remember more names than they do. Which of the following should we do?

Not believe that his short-term memory is better than most peoples because confidence does not ensure accuracy

Parsimony

Occam's razor states that the simplest solution is the best, all things being equal. This speaks to a theory's:

Which of the following events did NOT occur in the Tuskegee Study?

Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease.

Which of the following ethical violations proposed by the Belmont Report was committed in the Tuskegee Study?

Participants were harmed.Participants were not treated respectfully.Participants were from a disadvantaged social group.

Dr. Ellison finds a relation between the amount of sleep and problem solving. Specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association?

Positive association

James is asked about what is the best way to study for an exam. He responds that the best way to study is by making flash cards. He easily thinks of all the times he used flash cards and he made A's. However, he fails to take into consideration all the times he made A's and did not use flash cards and the times he used flash cards and did not do well. His faulty thinking is an example of:

Present/present bias

When conducting animal research, which guideline states that alternatives to animal research should be considered?

Replacement

Angela reads about a study in which cell phone use is associated with migraine headaches. She says, "Well, that study is not valid because I use a cell phone more than anyone I know and I never get migraines." Based on her comment, Angela may be forgetting which of the following?

Science is probabilistic.

Which aspect of the peer-review cycle allows for the greatest amount of honesty in reviews?

The anonymity of the peer reviewers

Benjamin is a social psychologist who studies marriage. He believes that marital satisfaction has two components: the ability to trust one's partner and a belief that one can be a good spouse. He conducts a study to test his ideas. Assuming that his data match his theory, which of the following statements should he make?

The data provide support for my theory

Dr. Hadden wants to conduct a study that will allow him to make claims that apply to all college students. Which of the following validities is he prioritizing?

The external validity of the study

Looking for which of the following in a trade book will give you a hint as to its scientific rigor?

The number of references

Dr. Gonzalez is a peer reviewer for a manuscript submitted to a journal. He is likely to provide comments on all of the following EXCEPT:

The prestige/reputation of the author

Who is responsible for deciding which validity is prioritized in a study?

The researcher

A common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to television is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children. You know this relationship may not be causal because you are not sure which occurred first—watching television or being aggressive. You are questioning which of the following rules of causation?

The rule of temporal precedence

A common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to television is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children. You are curious as to whether peer pressure is really to blame (peer pressure encourages you to watch television and peer pressure encourages you to be aggressive). You are questioning which of the following rules of causation?

The third-variable rule

Which of the following is a reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data?

They feel pressure to publish findings.They are convinced of the correctness of their own hypotheses.Research success has implications for promotion within their department.

All of the following are true of IRBs in the United States EXCEPT:

They must have a psychologist as a member

According to the text, the bridge between basic and applied research is known as:

Translational research

The problem with the pop-up principle is which of the following?

We do not examine all of the evidence, only what we can quickly think of.

Asking many similar questions when trying to measure a concept is done to:

cancel out random errors

An independent variable is one that:

is manipulated

A dependent variable is one that:

is measured

How many subcategories of quantitative variables exist?

three