Psych Final Study Guide

Dr. Hebda injects a large dose of the neurotransmitter glutamate into the brain of a living rat. What effect would this most likely have on the rat?

The rat will experience the death of many neurons

An individual who is verbally aggressive is most likely to be classified as ____.

Type A

Based on information provided in the textbook, prejudice against those who are overweight ____.

Varies from culture to culture

The average human can hear sounds within the range of ____.

20 to 20,000 Hz

According to the American Association of Advertising Agencies Americans have as many as ____ exposures per day to persuasive messages from various sources.

600 to 625

Were it to speak, your superego would most likely say ____.

It is wrong to do that.

Which of the following is a situation in which the person would likely feel dissonance?

Kenitha, who loves camping, decides to go shopping instead of camping this weekend

Thorndike is to ____ as Skinner is to ____.

Law of effect_____operant conditioning

Whatever you do to manage a situation that you perceive as threatening is called ____.

coping

Which part of the brain forms the outside covering of the hemispheres?

cortex

Humanistic theory has been praised for ____.

encouraging people to become aware of themselves

Areas of the body that are particularly responsive to touch are called ____.

erongenous zones

Generally, having your audience process persuasive arguments on the peripheral route is more persuasive than processing on the central route for ____.

everyone

Compared to men who sniffed pure saline, men who sniffed a woman's tears (while the woman was not present) ____.

experienced decreased testosterone levels

Based on the case of H.M., the hippocampus appears to be important in ____.

forming memories for events

The optic nerve is composed of ____.

ganglion cells

The wavelength of light determines its ____, and the amplitude of light determines its ____.

hue__Brightness

The study of attribution is most closely associated with ____.

impression formation

Cross-cultural studies on personality traits have shown that ____.

in spite of language and cultural differences, some personality traits appear to be universal

Mischel is looking down a long, straight road and notices that, in the distance, the edges of the road appear to get closer together. Mischel is observing ____.

interposition

David wants to be a professional figure skater. Which sense will be most essential in David's career choice?

kinesthesis

In general, repeated exposure to someone or something tends to lead to increased ____ for the person or thing.

liking

It is the middle of the day and you are outside in the bright sunlight. In order to give you the best possibility of seeing the colors and detail of a large flower in your garden, you should ____.

look directly at it

Advertisers could effectively use Maslow's theory by ____.

looking at the audiences needs

At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the need for ____.

self-actualization

The parts of the tongue that perform the same function as rods and cones of the eye are the ____.

tastebuds

The female response to stress has been called ____.

tend and befriend

Infomercials that offer not only the product they are selling but also additional products at no additional cost are using the ____ technique

thats-not-all

A two-month-old infant apparently has the ability to determine the difference between ____.

attractive and non-attractive people

Without glia cells, your brain would ____.

be forced to communicate more often through the endocrine system

Discrimination is a ____.

behavioral expression of prejudice

Which one of Gordon Allport's three types of traits has received the least amount of scientific support

cardinal traits

Similar to the blind spot in the retina, the tongue has a "blind spot" in the ____ of the tongue

center

When a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus, ____ has occurred

classical conditioning

Kelly was sexually abused as a child but has no memory of the event. According to Freud, Kelly's memory of the abuse probably resides in her ____.

conscious mind

Lena is studying the properties of light in a laboratory. If she increases the amplitude of the light waves she is studying, what effect will this have on her perception of the light?

the light will be brighter

The MMPI-2 is most closely aligned with which personality perspective?

the trait perspective

In Muzafer Sherif's Robber's Cave experiment, the Eagles and Rattlers eventually became friends when ____.

they had to work together to solve common problems

Asch found that maximum conformity was reached in the participants when only ____ confederates were present

three

The potential difference at which a neuron will fire an action potential is called the ____.

threshold of excitation

Carl Rogers is to ____, as Abraham Maslow is to ____.

unconditional positive regard; hierarchy of needs

Which is the correct sequence of stages in Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

The three most widely used psychoactive drugs in U.S. society are ____.

alcohol, nicotine, caffiene

According to the cognitive-mediational model of emotion, ____ is (are) the most important part of emotion.

appraisal

For every male with anorexia, there are approximately ____ females with the disorder

10

An American woman has a roughly ____ chance of developing bulimia in her lifetime

1%

Which organization establishes the ethical guidelines for research conducted by psychologists?

American Psychological Association

The ____ was developed to measure positive traits such as sociability, independence, and responsibility in healthy individuals

California Psychological Inventory

Who conducted important research on color vision in the 1920s?

Christine-Ladd Franklin

The first American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology was ____.

Margaret Washburn

Assuming uninterrupted sleep, after experiencing stage IV sleep, the next stage would be ____.

Non REM III

Costa and McCrae are associated with ____.

OCEAN

A person who thrashes about while in REM sleep would most likely be diagnosed with ____.

REM behavior disorder

Winnie recently discovered that her favorite recording artist supports a political party that she dislikes very much. According to dissonance theory, how might this news affect Winnie's attitudes?

She will start liking the recording artist less

Researchers at the Smell Good Company want to make their home air freshener smell even better to customers. What principle will the researchers use to determine the amount of additional fragrance needed for customers to just notice the improvement?

Webers Law

Which statement is TRUE about hypnosis?

You cannot be hypnotized against your own will

In the person-situation interaction, ____.

a person exhibits certain personality traits in specific situations

A focus on genetics, chemical imbalances, and brain differences between humans characterizes the ____ perspective

biological

Umami is often described as ____.

bitter

The ability to sense the color yellow can be explained by ____.

both trichromatic and opponent-process theory

Individuals with Type C personality were originally thought to be more prone to ____.

cancer

The medulla and the pons are both __

crucial to life

Rueben is sitting in traffic on a busy freeway. Reuben is experiencing a(n) ____.

daily hassle

Bernice returns to the darkened theater after visiting the concession stand and finds that she cannot see well enough to find her seat. What is she experiencing?

dark adaptation

When an organism begins to respond more intensely to a stimulus to which it has previously habituated, then ____ has occurred

dishabituation

Maureen has painful reddish blisters around her genitals and thighs. If Maureen has contracted a sexually transmitted infection it is most likely to be ____.

genital herpes

Release of ____ triggers eating

ghrelin

Insulin can contribute to the feeling of hunger by ____.

glucose in bloodstream

The chief excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is ____.

glutamate

The use of LSD is associated with ____.

hallucinations

Jermaine is a psychologist who works at a major urban hospital to develop stress management plans for people who have recently had open-heart surgery. Jermaine is most likely a ____ psychologist

health

The murder of Kitty Genovese inspired the major research on ____.

helping behavior

Jane Elliot's "brown eye/blue eye" demonstration with her third grade class in the 1970s showed ____.

how easy it is to create prejudice in children

Bailey studies all day on Sunday for her psychology final on Monday. When she wakes up Monday morning, she reports many intense and vivid dreams. Bailey's experience most supports which theory on dreaming

memory theory

Each type of neurotransmitter has a specific ____, and each type of receptor site has a specific ____.

molecular shape; configuration

In Eysenck's PEN model, neuroticism includes tendencies towards ____.

moodiness

If you are hungry, your body's awareness of that motivation was made possible through a(n) ____ loop.

negative feedback loop

Psychoactive drugs typically exert their effects by interfering with ____.

neurotransmitters

In which venue would an attractive actor be BEST able to persuade people?

on a TV ad

B.F. Skinner introduced what concept related to Thorndike's law of effect?

operant conditioning

Raul dislikes jalapeno peppers because every time he eats them, he has acid reflux. Consequently, he does not eat them anymore. Raul's avoidance of jalapenos is most likely due to ____.

operant conditioning

The concept of primary and secondary reinforcers is most associated with ____.

operant conditioning

Janelle is experiencing the following withdrawal symptoms: sweating, chills, headaches, diarrhea, and intense stomach cramps. Janelle is most likely withdrawing from

opiates

Top-down processing can lead to perceptual errors because ____.

our expectations can strongly influence what we perceive

Freud called the holding place for easily acceptable memories the____.

preconscious

Realistic group conflict theory is most associated with ____.

prejudice

The mere exposure effect is related primarily to which aspect of attraction

proximity

Sigmund Freud's ideas led to his formulation of ____ theory

psychoanalytic

One study found which aroma to evoke the greatest sexual response in males?

pumpkin pie

Saturation of light is to ____ as amplitude of light is to ____

purity__Brightness

In Muzafer Sherif's Robber's Cave experiment, the Eagles and Rattlers became enemies of each other due to ____.

realistic conflict

Randa just failed her history exam because she neglected to study. Afterwards, she attributes her failure to the fact that her boyfriend kept her up too late the night before when he refused to turn down the stereo so that she could sleep. The next day she aces her biology test. Randa attributes her success on it to her own intelligence. Randa appears to be engaging in which attributional bias?

self-serving bias

Jet is extremely outgoing to the point that he almost never stays in for an evening--and he does not just go hang out with friends at the coffee shop. He is constantly doing things like skydiving, bungee jumping, and rappelling. If he is with friends, he is usually at the parties that are huge and involve lots of drugs and alcohol. He loves to go out dancing and drinking. Jet is probably a(n) ____.

sensation seeker

Which personality perspective most focuses on how the environment influences our behavior?

social cognitive

The junction between adjoining neurons is called the ____.

synapse

Dr. Bush specializes in the study of hormones and neurotransmitters. His research would show that ____.

some hormones behave like neurotransmitters

Nicotine acts on our brain as a(n) ____.

stimulant

A set point refers to ____.

weight that your body tries to maintain

Psychotherapy should be considered when

you have difficulty functioning in your life

Attitudes towards seeking mental health help. Ramin Mojtabai's data collection said

younger participants attitudes improved more than middle aged participants