psych / human development > Chapter 6

initiative versus guilt

Young children whose mission is to courageously test their abilities in the world would be described by Erik Erikson as facing which psychosocial task?

emotion regulation

Bailey manages his feelings via...

a prosocial, competent adult

If Yvette is an exuberant, fearless one year old, she may become...

rejected

In elementary school classes, children who get no "most liked" rankings and many "most disliked" rankings are defined as...

both sexes will probably behave in a more gender-stereotyped manner

In single sex schools...

declines

Self-esteem _____ during a child's elementary school years.

externalizing

Six-year-old Beth is loud, disruptive, and aggressive. Beth may have _____ tendencies.

externalizing problems

Six-year-old Mikey gets very angry at school and will often have outbursts in class in which he yells at the teacher and knocks over his desk. Mikey has...

domestic themes

The play of girls often revolves around...

rough-and-tumble

Aaron and Asif are four years old and playing together. Their play style, which mimics aggression, but without intent to harm, is called _____ play.

internalizing

Although Tim is 6 years old, he hides behind his mother's legs every time he is in a social situation and frequently looks depressed. Tim may have _____ tendencies.

B

Beverly is a school psychologist studying social interactions in the later elementary school years in the United States. In her field work, she notices that some types of children seem to be unpopular and rejected more often. Which group is apt to be RARELY rejected? A) immigrant children in ethnically homogenous societies B) proactively aggressive children who vigorously compete for status and then reach out to enlist the group in a caring way C) low-income children in middle-class schools in the suburbs D) boys and girls who do not fit mainstream gender stereotypes

internalizing

Children who are excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed may have _____ tendencies.

working hard

Fostering school self-efficacy involves praising children for:

externalizing behaviors

Fourteen-year-old Kevin is a bully and a bully-victim. He most likely exhibits...

B

Gender schema theory suggests that once children understand their gender label they: A) get reinforced for doing gender-stereotyped activities. B) selectively attend to the activities of their own sex. C) selectively attend to the activities of the opposite sex. D) get reinforced for acting like girls or boys.

cooperating and collaborating in small groups

Girls' play often involves:

B

Harry has externalizing problems and often interrupts other children when they are playing. According to the text, the BEST approach for correcting Harry's behavior is: A) to give him a "time out." B) to gently explain to him that other kids don't like it when he barges in on their games. C) to use corporal punishment. D) to tell him that the other students think he is such a good player that they are intimidated when he tries to play the game.

rough-and-tumble play

Heidi, Peter, and Eric are jumping on a trampoline. They will often jump on top of each other and wrestle for a while before getting back up to continue jumping. These children are engaging in...

empathy

Jamal is watching his best friend being bullied by some older children. Jamal is frozen with fear and unable to run and get an adult or to step in to help his friend. Jamal is most likely experiencing...

terrible for Tom, without necessarily feeling his intense distress.

John has sympathy for his friend Tom who recently went through a divorce. This means that John feels...

bad for Tom, without feeling his intense distress

John has sympathy for his friend Tom who recently went through a divorce. This means that John feels:

predicts prosocial behavior in adulthood.

Research in your text suggests that highly prosocial behavior during the preschool years...

The play partners often were upset and changed the script of the play.

When William Corsaro went undercover as an "oversized three year old," what did he discover when children proposed play plots that centered around death?

A

Which statement about shame is false? A) Feeling shame brings people closer to others. B) Feeling shame makes people want to retreat. C) Feeling shame makes people angry. D) Feeling shame makes people want to strike back.

reactive

Which kind of aggression involves impulsive retaliation for harmful acts?

externalizing tendencies

Children with _____ act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively.

externalizing tendencies

Disruptive and aggressive behavior in children may indicate:

externalizing tendencies

Disruptive and aggressive behavior may indicate...

high self-esteem

Nine-year-old Nancy believes she is no scholar, but she is a star athlete, the life domain she really cares about. Nancy most likely has...

overt, or physical

One reason why relational aggression becomes common in girls, is that, _______ aggression is severely sanctioned in females.

withdraw from others

Shame, or the feeling of being personally humiliated, makes one want to:

frustration-aggression hypothesis

The _____ states that humans may be biologically programmed to retaliate or strike back when harmed.

internalizing tendencies

Timidity and self-consciousness may indicate...

A

When five-year-old Carla is punished by her mom, she pretends she is a princess. This is a(n): A) normal response since she is using fantasy play to cope with stress. B) abnormal response since Carla needs to pretend she did nothing wrong. C) normal response since Carla is using fantasy play to practice social norms. D) abnormal response since Carla is retreating from reality.

normal response because Carlita is using fantasy play to cope with her fear and stress

When five-year-old Carlita is in the hospital preparing for a surgery, she pretends she is a princess. This is a...

D

Which child is MOST apt to engage in gender-segregated play? A) Aleeah, age 1 B) Janie, age 2 C) Ronnie, age 3 D) Suma, age 4

They rarely disagree or fight.

Which statement about friends is false? A) They teach children how to relate to others. B) They help insulate children from being bullied. C) They rarely disagree or fight. D) They protect children as they venture into the world outside their families.