Psych HW #8

While illusory correlations affect prejudices, they do not affect stereotypes. True or False

False

During week 1 of the Robber's Cave experiment, the two groups of boys competed against one another for prizes. True or False

False (competitions started in week 2)

Stereotypes are a type of schema. True or False

True

Stereotypes have a speed/accuracy trade-off. True or False

True

Stereotyping is a fairly automatic process. True or False

True

The Robber's Cave Experiment showed that we can ingroup and outgroup on nearly any arbitrary difference. True or False

True

The most common stereotypes in our society relate to age, gender, and race. True or False

True

The outgroup is dehumanized and moved away from the domain of sympathy. True or False

True

The primacy effect plays a role in person perception. True or False

True

Which of the following things are true about attitudes and persuasion? Check ALL that apply. (False: -A person is more likely to be persuaded if they know that someone is trying to persuade them. -Presenting a two sided argument will reduce the chances of persuading someone.)

-If the source of information is credible, trustworthy, and likable, they will be in a better position to persuade someone. -A highly ambivalent attitude is less predictive of behavior. -If a receiver resists your efforts to persuade them, they become harder to persuade in the future. -The central route of persuasion uses logic and the content of the message. -Appealing to fear is only effective if you succeed at arousing fear first. -The prior attitudes of the receiver could make them more skeptical of messages that go against what they already believe. -The peripheral route is easier to use, but the central route produces a more enduring attitude change. -Attitudes vary on their strength, accessibility, and ambivalence. -The strength of the attitude influences how easy it is to change the attitude. -Attitudes are mediocre predictors of behavior at best. -The source is the person doing the persuading, and the receiver is the person being persuaded. -Repeating a statement over and over again causes it to be perceived as more valid or true. -The peripheral route of persuasion uses non-message factors, like the attractiveness and credibility of the source. -An accessible attitude is harder to change.

Check all of the following that are TRUE about interpersonal attraction.

-Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love includes three components: Passion, Intimacy, and Commitment -We are most likely to become friends with people who live close to us. -Physical attractiveness is the key determinant of romantic attraction for both sexes. -According to David Buss, women tend to prefer partners who have high social status and are good financial prospects. -According to David Buss, men tend to prefer partners who have large eyes, good teeth, lustrous hair, and a low waist-to-hip ratio. -Married and dating couples tend to be similar across a large number of variables.

Which of the following statements about Cognitive Dissonance are TRUE? Check all that apply.

-The dissonance was caused by the fact that the task really was boring, and the fact that the participants were being asked to lie and say that it was fun. -Participants who were paid $1 reported liking the task more than the $20 group. -Cognitive dissonance is an unpleasant state caused by contradictory cognitions that people are motivated to reduce.

Milgram

Demonstrated the power of obedience to authority in an controversial experiment that convinced the participants that they had killed another human being.

Obedience

Doing what an authority figure asks you to do.

Compliance

Doing what someone asks you to do.

A social schema is a type of prejudice. True or False

False

Ingroup/outgroup bias and prejudice can be reduced or eliminated by using education and close contact with the outgroup. True or False

False

Physical appearance has no influence on the way we see other people. True or False

False

The ingroup is the group you do not belong to. True or False

False

Solomon Asch

His line study found that participants conformed with a group 37% of the time even when they knew the answer the group was giving was wrong.

Attribution

Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others behaviors, and their own behavior

fundamental attribution error

Observers are biased to explain the actions of others in terms of internal attributions, even when they have evidence that suggests otherwise.

Group Polarization

Occurs when group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view.

Groupthink

Occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision.

The Bystander Effect

People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone.

Actor-Observer Effect

People are more likely to make internal attributions for other people's behavior and external attributions for their own behavior

Self-Effacing Bias

The tendency to attribute your successes to help you received from others and the tendency to attribute your failures to your own personal failings.

The Self-Serving Bias

The tendency to attribute your successes to personal factors and your failures to situational factors.

Defensive Attributions

The tendency to blame victims for their misfortune so that you feel less likely to be victimized in a similar way.

A prejudice includes an unfavorable attitude coupled with unequal treatment of different groups. True or False

True

A prejudice is a type of stereotype. True or False

True

Activating goals incompatible with prejudice, like egalitarian values, can be effective at reducing prejudice. True or False

True

Body language influences the way we form impressions of people. True or False

True

Cooperating towards a common goal can reduce some aspects of a prejudice, but may not completely eliminate it. True or False

True

Education and close contact are not effective at reducing prejudice because they erroneously assume that people are rational actors. True or False

True

It is possible that we evolved ingroup/outgroup bias because it made it easier to harm the outgroup when our ingroup is competing with them for scarce resources. True or False

True

Conformity

When people yield to real or imagined social pressure.

Social Loafing

a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves

Internal Attribution

ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings

external attribution

ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints