Psych Midterm #2

Unlike anorexics, individuals who have been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa typically

Go on an eating binge and then purge

Which of the following is the identity status in which a crisis is present but commitment is absent?

Identity moratorium

According to Erik Erikson, during the _____ stage, adolescents are faced with deciding who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.

Identity versus identy confusion

The _____ is adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting behavior—attempts to be noticed, visible, and "on stage."

Imaginary audience

Which of the following statements is true of children with cultural-familial intellectual disability?

Individuals with this type of disability have IQs between 55 and 70.

A person's mental age divided by chronological age (CA) and multiplied by 100 would indicate that person's

Intelligence quotient

If a community wants to develop programs to help at-risk youths, an important component to include in the program would be

Intensive individualized attention.

According to Albert Bandura, which of the following statements is true of self-efficacy?

It is critical factor in whether or not students achieve

Identify a true statement about service learning.

It is effective when it provides students opportunities to reflect about their participation.

With regard to morality, Nasrin believes that the focus should be on abstract principles rather than on relationships and concern for others. Therefore, she has a(n) _____ perspective on morality.

Justice

Which of the following statements reflects Carol Gilligan's criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Kohlberg's theory is based on a male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships and concern for others.

Which of the following statements accurately describes postformal thought as being provisional?

Many young adults see the search for truth as an ongoing and perhaps never-ending process.

In nonindustrialized countries, marriage—the marker for entry into adulthood—usually occurs _____ the adulthood markers in the United States.

Much earlier than

In the context of domain theory, moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal, and

Obligatory

Which of the following is a recommendation offered by Eva Pomerantz for parents who want to increase the motivation of their children and adolescents to do well in school?

Parents should realize that children's and adolescents' abilities are not fixed and can change.

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, consummate love is characterized by

Passion, intimacy, and commitment

Some theorists have pieced together cognitive changes in young adults and proposed a new stage of cognitive development. This stage is termed as

Postformal thought

Megan bases her moral decisions on fear of punishment. In the context of Kohlberg's levels of moral thinking, Megan is currently in the _____ reasoning level of moral thinking.

Preconvcentional

Rites of passage

Provide a forceful and discontinues entry into the adult world.

Which of the following terms did Erik Erikson use to describe the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy?

Psychosocial moratorium

Which of the following is most likely a reason remarried adults find it difficult to stay remarried?

Remarried couples experience more stress in rearing children than parents in never-divorced families.

A study by Paus and others (2007) found that the prefrontal cortex thickened and more brain connections formed when adolescents

Resisted peer pressure

_____ refers to global evaluations of the self.

Self-esteem

According to Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is

Sexual desire

Which of the following statements is true about the characteristics of a clique?

The members of a clique are usually of the same sex.

A recent study revealed that peak thickness of the cerebral cortex occurs _____ in children with ADHD than in children without ADHD.

Three years later

As opposed to the trend in young children, teenagers typically prefer to have

a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate.

Sally's mental age is 12, but her chronological age is 10. Sally's IQ is _____.

120

The concept of emerging adulthood has been criticized as applying mainly to

Adolescents who are privileged

Which of the following is a similarity in the reasoning of Jean Piaget and information-processing psychologists?

Adults especially increase their knowledge in a specific area.

Sustained exercises such as jogging or swimming that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as

Aerobic exercises

In the context of adolescent sexuality, identify a true statement about developing a sexual identity.

An adolescent's sexual identity involves styles of behavior and an indication of sexual orientation.

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society, which of the following statements is true about an individual's sleep?

Chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to cardiovascular disease and a shortened life span.

According to research, which of the following statements is true of the link between cohabitation and marital instability?

Cohabiting does not have a negative effect on marriage if the couple did not have any previous live-in lovers.

According to meta-analyses, which of the following statements is true of traditional bullying and cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is more strongly associated with suicide ideation than traditional bullying is.

Lloyd Johnston and his colleagues at the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan monitored the drug use of America's high school seniors in a wide range of public and private high schools. They found that the percentage of illicit drug use

Declined in the late 1990's

Dan Olweus's bullying intervention program focuses on

Decreasing opportunities and rewards for bullying.

Marshall is in the fourth grade. He finds it hard to keep up with his classmates' writing speed. His handwriting is illegible. Therefore, neither his teachers nor his parents can read his notes. He also makes numerous spelling errors because of his inability to match sounds and letters. Marshall likely suffers from _____.

Dysgraphia

According to Jeffrey Arnett, which of the following statements accurately describes emerging adulthood as a time during which individuals are self-focused?

Emerging adults have little in the way of social obligations, which leaves them with a great deal of autonomy in running their own lives.

Which of the following statements is true about gay and lesbian couples?

Gays and lesbians prefer long-term, committed relationships.

Tamara often tells her daughter that a well-adjusted girl is supposed to be dependent, nurturing, and uninterested in power. She also believes that girls should learn to cook and take care of the household. Tamara's notion reflects

Gender stereotypes

Securely attached adults

are less likely than others to have one-night stands.

A child is presented with two identical balls of clay. The experimenter rolls one ball into a long, thin shape; the other remains in its original ball form. The child is then asked if there is more clay in the ball or in the long, thin piece of clay. If the child answers the problem correctly but cannot use abstract reasoning yet, the child most likely is in which stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory?

concrete operational stage

Psychologists suspect that _____ often results from growing up in below-average intellectual environment.

cultural-familial intellectual disability

In the context of adult attachment styles, attachment-anxious individuals are characterized by

higher negative affect and perceived social rejection than their securely attached counterparts.

In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires _____.

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Sadie has a learning disability and is being educated in the least restrictive environment possible. This means that Sadie

is placed in as regular a classroom as possible.

In contrast to Piaget's views, the development of formal operational thinking

is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics.

According to Ellen Winner, which of the following refers to a characteristic displayed by gifted children who begin to master an area earlier than their peers?

precocity

Joseph Allen and his colleagues found that adolescents who were securely attached to their parents at 14 years of age were more likely at 21 years of age to report

relationship competence and fewer problematic behaviors.