Psych Quizzes - Final Exam

Broca's area is located in which lobe of the brain?

Correct: frontal occipital parietal temporal

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

Correct: homeostasis resting potential reuptake synergy

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

He had encephalitis as a child. Correct: He had severe seizures. He was born with an extra area of cortex. He was part of a medical trial study.

Kicking your leg when your knee is tapped and quickly pulling your hand back when you accidently touch a hot stove are both examples of ________.

associations instincts learning Correct: reflexes

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

autonomic parasympathetic Correct: somatic sympathetic

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way?

Correct: caffeine insomnia narcolepsy sugar

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

Correct: chunking elaborative rehearsal mnemonic device persistence

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

Correct: night terrors REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) restless leg syndrome sleep apnea

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.

K-complex Correct: lucid REM theta wave

Behaviorists study ________.

a person's unconscious mind chemical and hormonal changes dreams Correct: learned behavior

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.

classical conditioning higher order conditioning neutral stimulus Correct: spontaneous recovery

Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________.

deductive reasoning inductive reasoning the experiment Correct: the scientific method

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

negative punishment Correct: negative reinforcement positive punishment positive reinforcement

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

sexism Correct: suggestibility recognition reconstruction

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

soma Correct: synapse terminal button vesicle

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

Correct: circadian external melatonin rhythm

What is comorbidity?

Correct: co-occurrence of two disorders having two causes for a single disorder having two causes of death mental disorder leading to death

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory

Correct: cognition personality schema targeting

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

Correct: cognitive emotional physical social

A psychological disorder is a ________.

Correct: condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors manifestation of a psychopathology situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

Correct: depression obsessive-compulsive disorder Parkinson's disease schizophrenia

A major advantage of case studies is ________.

Correct: detailed information generalizability large sample size quick data collection

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Correct: fixed interval fixed ratio variable interval variable ratio

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

Correct: flashbulb memory flashpoint hyperthymesia sensory memory

Hertz is a measure of ________.

Correct: frequency loudness pitch purity

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.

Correct: in which people are presented with ambiguous images that employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that is designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups that is similar to a word association test

When comparing negative reinforcers and punishments, negative reinforcers _____ the rate of operant responding and punishments _____ the rate of operant responding.

Correct: increase; decrease b. decrease; increase c. decrease; decrease d. have no effect on; decrease

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence

Correct: interpersonal; intrapersonal intrapersonal; naturalist logical-mathematical; interpersonal musical; linguistic

Felix is riding his bicycle. His ability to sense how his torso is adjusting to the speed of his cycling and how his legs are pumping up and down is called ________.

Correct: kinesthesia nociception olfaction thermoception

Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.

Correct: projective test psychoanalysis self-report inventory trait analysis

The buzzing sound from an alarm clock startled Jeremy from sleep into wakefulness. Jeremy concluded from his Psychology class lecture that he was using _____.

Correct: sensory memory b. short term memory c. long term memory d. muscle memory

In Aldous Huxley's <i>Brave New World</i>, infants develop a fear of books after books are repeatedly presented with a loud noise. In this fictional example, the loud noise supports the learning role of a(n)_____.

Correct: unconditioned stimulus b. unconditioned response c. conditioned stimulus d. conditioned response

Which example best demonstrates the theory of drive reduction?

Correct: victims of famine eating unappetizing food. b. A student eating a bowl of popcorn during a movie because he was bored. c. A person begging for money outside a store. d. A person driving to the store for groceries.

Imagine your son hits the neighbor's child. You remove his TV privileges. Your actions support using _____.

a. positive punishment b. positive reinforcement Correct: negative punishment d. negative reinforcement

Alexis is addicted to drugs. The room in which she usually takes them is likely to become a(n) _____ for drug cravings.

a. primary reinforcer b. operant chamber c. US - unconditioned stimulus Correct: CS - conditioned stimulus

Thinking about different levels of processing information in our memories, how would you classify an example of an eyewitness describing an auto accident?

a. recognition b. rehearsal Correct: recall d. relearning

Jacinda has a glass of wine after work because it relieves her anxiety. One could predict that her wine drinking is likely to continue because it is followed by a _____ reinforcer.

a. secondary b. partial Correct: negative d. positive

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?

anal genital Correct: latency phallic

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

anal genital Correct: oral phallic

________intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.

analytic Correct: creative crystallized practical

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

animator distressor eustressor Correct: stressor

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

another person's consciousness Correct: her own conscious experience her own subconscious experience the social construction of consciousness

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

anterograde flashbulb graduated Correct: retrograde

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

anti-anxiety agents Correct: antidepressants antipsychotics mood stabilizers

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.

anti-immune Correct: autoimmune immortal mortal

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

antipsychotic Correct: depressant hallucinogen stimulant

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

antipsychotic depressant hallucinogen Correct: stimulant

Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________.

cheaper, so people can afford more of it easier to get, so people can take more at once frequently smoked in combination with pharmaceuticals Correct: smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

Over the past few years, research suggests that stress levels in the United States have ________.

decreased slightly exponentially decreased Correct: increased stayed the same

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.

decriminalization of patients medicalization of patients Correct: process of closing large asylums treatment of those on parole and probation

Dale thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and vows never to hire a woman at his bank. Dale's attitudes and planned course of action are ________.

racist Correct: sexist typical xenophobic

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

1 Correct: 2 3 4

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Abraham Maslow Correct: Albert Bandura Carl Rogers Erik Erikson

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?

Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken. Correct: Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down. Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down. Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens.

Who developed psychoanalysis?

Carl Jung Carl Rogers Dorothea Dix Correct: Sigmund Freud

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Correct: Adderall Clozaril Lithium Xanax

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

Correct: Five Factor Model Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of ________.

Correct: a subliminal message bottom-up processing sensory adaptation top-down processing

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

Correct: adaptation formation regression revision

Kimya stares at a bright light and then looks away. After she looks away, she perceives a spot. What is this spot?

Correct: afterimage blind spot preimage night blindness

A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.

Correct: asthma cardiovascular heart stress

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

Correct: attachment nourishment regard security

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops?

Correct: autonomy vs. shame/doubt industry vs. inferiority integrity vs. despair trust vs. mistrust

After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the ________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.

Correct: babbling baby talk lexicon phoneme

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

Correct: becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time memory loss rapidly fluctuating mood

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.

Correct: being outside the home alone blood enclosed spaces heights

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.

Correct: biomedical cognitive humanistic RET

Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________.

Correct: conditioned response conditioned stimulus unconditioned response unconditioned stimulus

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

Correct: cones fovea lens rods

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Correct: denial displacement rationalization rejection

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.

Correct: during early childhood during puberty in late adolescence in utero

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

Correct: emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.

Correct: explicit memory implicit memory procedural memory sensory memory

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

Correct: forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart places stress on the thyroid system, which inflames the arteries restricts a person's salt intake, which suppresses the immune system slows the heart rate, which leads to less efficient distribution of oxygen through the body

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

Correct: mild moderate profound severe

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

Correct: social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately students cannot be trusted in roles of authority Zimbardo was an unethical researcher

Jamilla is taking French in school. She gets her best grades on vocabulary tests if she studies for 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as _____.

Correct: the spacing effect b. the serial position effect c. state-dependent memory d. automatic processing

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

Gestalt psychology personality psychoanalysis Correct: social psychology

________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants

Institutional Research Board Institutional Research Bureau Correct: Institutional Review Board Institutional Review Bureau

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

Neither one has sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe. They are unrelated to biological senses. Correct: They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe. We cannot use these senses without the presence of specific chemicals in the body.

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?

The brain identifies color more readily than words. The brain processes black and white information faster. Correct: The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information. The memory process is facilitated when people take more time to consider information.

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.

Tiger Correct: Type A Type B Type One

Bob tells Jan that he is feeling fine, but Jan doesn't believe him. In analyzing his outward appearance and behaviors, what should she focus on to have the BEST chance to identify any emotions Bob might be hiding?

a. His words. b. His body posture. c. His vocal intonations. Correct: His facial expressions.

Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________.

absorption Correct: flow passion personality

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ________.

actions chemicals subconscious Correct: thoughts

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening client focus transference Correct: unconditional positive regard

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

aggression Correct: discrimination prejudice stereotype

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

aggression altruism diffusion of responsibility Correct: social loafing

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytic Correct: creative fluid practical

Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytic creative functional Correct: practical

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

anchoring bias Correct: functional fixedness hindsight bias representative bias

A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.

anchoring bias functional fixedness Correct: mental set trial and error

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?

antisocial personality disorder attention deficit disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Correct: autism spectrum disorder

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritarian Correct: authoritative disorganized permissive

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt identity vs. confusion industry vs. inferiority Correct: trust vs. mistrust

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

aversion therapy free association play therapy Correct: systematic desensitization

What is confirmation bias?

believing the event you just experienced was predictable Correct: focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision stereotyping someone or something unintentionally

Honeybees can see light in the ________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

beta gamma infrared Correct: ultraviolet

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

biology Correct: environment and culture genetics sexual preference

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

biometric Correct: Gestalt Pacinian somatosensory

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

bodily kinesthetic logical-mathematical naturalist Correct: spatia

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.

brainstem internal organs peripheral nerves Correct: spinal cord

Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.

career fatigue Correct: job burnout posttraumatic stress disorder the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; distress Correct: challenge; threat distress; eustress threat; challenge

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences Correct: that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

classical conditioning humanism RET Correct: token economy

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior Correct: counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.

client engages in self-reflection prior to the session to decide what to discuss client keeps a dream diary to guide therapy sessions Correct: client says whatever comes to mind at the moment therapist hypnotizes the client

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

cognitive learning Correct: physical psychosocial

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

cognitive capacity environment and culture Correct: genes and biology language acquisition

Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.

collective unconscious Correct: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Rorschach Inkblot Test Tell-me-a-story thematic Apperception Test (TEMAS)

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________.

companionate empty liking Correct: romantic

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

concrete operational Correct: formal operational preoperational sensorimotor

In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

concrete operational formal operational Correct: preoperational sensorimotor

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

confirmation Correct: in-group out-group scapegoating

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

confirmation bias discrimination in-group bias Correct: scapegoating

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

conservation Correct: egocentrism pretend play reversibility

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

cornea linear Correct: optic photoreceptor

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?

couple therapy Correct: group therapy strategic family therapy structural family therapy

Which of the following is a way police have changed their interrogation techniques to lower the risk of false memory syndrome? Police have ________.

decided to only prosecute cases with DNA evidence Correct: modified the way witnesses are questioned required new officers to study psychology and learn about false memory syndrome spoken to victim advocacy groups to learn more about sensitivity

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

declarative memory hyperthymesia Correct: rehearsal relearning

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

determining processing Correct: thinking understanding

Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________.

distinguish the fat content of food feel pain Correct: maintain balance and body posture regulate body temperature

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

dividing your telephone number into groups of numbers to remember it easier drinking coffee when you study for your math exam, then drinking coffee at your exam to reproduce the mental state you had when you studied using a biofeedback machine to track your alpha waves during an exam Correct: using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

dogma just-deserts Correct: just-world karma

Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of ________, because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place.

effortful processing effortless processing Correct: ncoding failure enigmatic processing

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

ego Correct: id superego unconscious

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

egocentric bias fundamental bias interpersonal bias Correct: self-serving bias

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism Correct: object permanence reversibility stranger anxiety

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

embryo placenta protean Correct: zygote

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

encoded Correct: long-term sensory visual

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

encoding Correct: recognition storage the Stroop effect

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

encoding hyperthymesia Correct: retrieval storage

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

eustress intervention Correct: meditation reaction

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

eustress psychology Correct: positive psychology psychology of joy self-psychology

Schemata are a(an) ________.

example of the brain's ability to form prototypes means of sublimating frustration Correct: method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently source of emotional content for the brain

Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.

exhibit an extreme fear of water insist that she hears voices refuse to leave her bed due to anxiety over what might happen during the day Correct: wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode Correct: often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

free association humanistic Correct: involuntary voluntary

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

group patterns Correct: groupthink inter-group bias pattern bias

Remembering ________ is a good example of procedural memory.

how a cookie tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself Correct: how to use the phone what the word inconceivable means your least favorite vacation trip

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.

how a hamburger tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself how to use the microwave what the word January means Correct: your first day of school

What are the two components of declarative memory?

implicit and explicit procedural and implicit Correct: semantic and episodic short-term and long-term

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

linguistic logical-mathematical Correct: musical spatial

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

lucid dreaming Correct: parasomnias protoconsciousness somnambulism

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept.

model Correct: natural prototype unnatura

How long does psychoanalysis typically take?

months one week of intensive sessions weeks Correct: years

Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.

mood obsessive-compulsive personality Correct: psychotic

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________.

negative affectivity Correct: optimism positive psychology Type A personality

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; reception Correct: perception; sensation preception; postception sensation; perception

Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________.

suggested the person could not be helped suggested the person seeking help needed medicine Correct: suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure was too negative

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

teaching children to avoid situations that might lead them to witness racism teaching children to conform to social expectations that discourage racism in public but ignore racism as long as it is privately expressed teaching children to ignore racism until we have eliminated racism from our society Correct: teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?

Carl Jung John Hobson Rosalind Cartwright Correct: Sigmund Freud

People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage ________ sleep.

Correct: 1 2 3 4

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment.

Correct: It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear. John B. Watson did not have the consent of Little Albert's mother. John B. Watson falsified most of his data. Little Albert was much older than John B. Watson reported him to be, which invalidated the study.

Pan finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding

Correct: acoustic semantic sensory visual

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

when a cat and a dog share the same water bowl when a cat learns to drool at the sound of a can opener Correct: when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior when a dog refuses to play dead

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

Asch effect Correct: bystander effect difference between bullying and cyberbullying social exchange theory

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

Asperger's syndrome Correct: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum disorder schizoid personality disorder

Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Correct: It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence. Men are more often diagnosed than women.

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Correct: Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

Conclude from the following examples, in which situation would intense emotion be the LEAST conducive to success.

Correct: Studying for an exam b. Talking to yourself c. Going for a walk d. Doing the laundry

In the initial period of learning, ________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Correct: acquisition conditioning extinction neutral stimulate

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

Correct: adrenal pancreas testes thyroid

Billie is a(n) ________ because he believes people over age 65 should have their driver's license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.

Correct: ageist heterosexist racist sexist

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?

Correct: amygdala cerebellum hippocampus prefrontal cortex

The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.

Correct: amygdala corpus callosum hypothalamus pons

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.

Correct: anal genital oral phallic

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

Correct: analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem provide correct or established answers to a problem think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?

Correct: antisocial personality disorder dependent personality disorder obsessive-compulsive personality disorder paranoid personality disorder

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

Correct: anxiety generalized safety social

Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.

Correct: appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other hates being outside the home alone refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

Correct: archetype id persona unconscious anxiety

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

Correct: associational instinctive processual reflexive

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

Correct: basic survival needs comfort objects higher-level needs wants

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.

Correct: billions tens of thousands thousands millions

Akeelah extended her arm in front of her and then extended one of her fingers. She focused on that finger. Next, she closed her left eye without moving her head; then she opened her left eye and closed her right eye without moving her head. She noticed that her finger seemed to shift as she alternated between the two eyes because of the slightly different view each eye had of her finger. What is illustrated by this example?

Correct: binocular disparity bottom processing monocular disparity top-down processing

Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention.

Correct: blindness responsiveness sublimation transduction

Lauren is gifted in the area of body movement. Her ability to balance and coordinate her body's movement enables her to do well in basketball, baseball, and field hockey. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

Correct: bodily kinesthetic intrapersonal logical-mathematical spatial

Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.

Correct: body dysmorphic generalized anxiety mood neurological

The visible spectrum refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we ________.

Correct: can see can see only in the dark can't see can't see without sunlight

A psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can reduce the anger she feels toward her ex-boyfriend by tearing pictures of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based on the _____.

Correct: catharsis hypothesis b. adaptation-level phenomenon c. James-Lange theory d. two-factor theory

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

Correct: chromosomes; DNA chromosomes; genes DNA; genes genes; DNA

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.

Correct: chronic fleeting imaginary simple

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

Julian Rotter Correct: Rorschach TAT TEMAS

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Desperate Social and Mental Disorders Determinants of Social Mental Disorders Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders Correct: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Erik Erikson Jean Piaget Correct: Lawrence Kohlberg Sigmund Freud

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Erik Erikson Jean Piaget Lawrence Kohlberg Correct: Sigmund Freud

A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

Freudian Correct: inferiority neurotic psychosocial

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Groups will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. Correct: Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. Milgram was unethical. The Milgram study could never be repeated again because too many people know about it.

Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist?

He tried to become a psychologist, but he could not pass the required exams. He tried to become a psychologist, but no university would admit a Jewish student. His theories were too radical, so he trained as a physician to give himself creditability. Correct: There was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he received his education.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?

Rafe believes he is entitled to special treatment from those around him. Rafe believes that his dreams are prophetic. Rafe is convinced his life has meaning beyond himself. Correct: Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

a mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches ADHD who also suffer from anxiety auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia Correct: severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

a prophet about to die in need of counseling Correct: possessed by demons

Sleep apnea is defined by ________.

a sense of panic in the sufferer often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape Correct: episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep

Evaluate which of the following as being UNTRUE of individuals with a high need for achievement.

a. They tend to be fast learners. b. They tend to be energetic. c. They tend to set high personal standards of performance. Correct: They are driven by a desire for fame and fortune.

Boyd, a suspect in a criminal investigation, has agreed to take a lie detector test. The machine used in this test measures certain types of bodily responses. Thinking about physiology that we studied, which of the responses below would be likely experienced during a lie detector test?

a. blood sugar levels b. pupil dilation c. hormone secretions Correct: perspiration levels

When examining how our bodies respond to emotional arousal, if we are confronted by an armed robber, our emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by _____.

a. decreases in blood sugar levels Correct: slowing of digestion c. increases in salivation d. decreases in respiration rate

Fatima was daydreaming about her college plans during a boring lecture on the history of computers. Later on a test, she didn't remember that ENIAC was the first functioning digital computer because she wasn't paying attention during the lecture. Fatima's poor memory can be explained by which of the following:

a. interference? Correct: encoding failure? c. storage decay? d. source amnesia?

You are most likely to automatically encode information that is: relevant to you, brought to your attention, actively rehearsed and thought about, and is currently in your mind. Choose the example that best illustrates this "encoding".

a. politicians' names b. friends' birthdates c. new phone numbers Correct: the sequence of your day's events

Five-year-old Trevor refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher first gives him candy for any sound, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. In terms of behavioral theory, the teacher is using the method of _____.

a. secondary reinforcement b. delayed reinforcement c. spontaneous recovery Correct: shaping

Nancy immediately remembers she had promised to return her grandmother's call from earlier this morning. What type of memory is being proposed here?

a. sensory memory Correct: short term memory c. long term memory d. storage

Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This concept supports the process of

a. sensory memory b. implicit memory Correct: flashbulb memory d. the serial position effect

Jose was surprised that he remembered his locker combination from last year. It shouldn't have been a surprise because he used that locker combination for an entire school year. In comparing the types of memory, which form is Jose using in this example?

a. sensory memory b. short term memory Correct: long term memory d. storage

On some college football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets. This practice supports the use of _____.

a. set point b. drives Correct: incentives d. catharsis

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform, 3-year-old Gustaf is afraid of any woman wearing a white dress. Gustaf's reaction best illustrates _____.

a. shaping Correct: generalization c. latent learning d. spontaneous recovery

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. Today, she can once again fly without distress. This indicates that her fear has undergone _____.

a. spontaneous recovery Correct: extinction c. generalization d. discrimination

If a ringing bell causes a dog to salivate because the bell has been regularly associated with food in the mouth, the unconditional response corresponds to _____.

a. the ringing bell b. salivation to the ringing bell c. food in the mouth Correct: salivation to the food in the mouth

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.

acetylcholine Correct: dopamine glutamate serotonin

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

acquisition conditioning Correct: extinction learning

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

acquisition extinction Correct: punishment recovery

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.

acute stressor Correct: daily hassle immunosuppressant item on the SRRS

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.

acute support antistressors chronic stressors Correct: social support

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

admission analysis counseling Correct: intake

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

advocating for analytical psychology Correct: suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality the idea that men have womb envy the theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

aggression cognitive dissonance Correct: diffusion of responsibility prosocial behavior

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

aggressive discord Correct: cognitive dissonance perceptive deception peripheral dissension

Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome.

agitated nervous REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) Correct: restless

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

ally associate Correct: confederate union

The hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content.

alpha Freudian *Correct: latent manifest

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

alternate experimental Correct: control dependent independent

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.

amalgamation archetype Correct: prototype unification

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

antisocial personality mood Correct: posttraumatic stress schizotypal personality

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

anxiety Correct: dissociative identity personality schizophrenia

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________.

archetype Correct: extrovert introvert neurotic

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail

archival research case studies Correct: surveys university experiments

Many studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________.

are possible to test with animal studies correct: are possible to test with participants from prison populations are possible to form strong opinions that are logical and intuitive are not possible to test with empirical methods

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

authoritarian authoritative Freudian Correct: permissive

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

automatic processing effortful processing Correct: memory sensory encoding

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration

autonomic parasympathetic somatic Correct: sympathetic

During the elementary school stage (ages 6-12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don't measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

autonomy vs. shame/guilt identity vs. confusion Correct: industry vs. inferiority trust vs. mistrust

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

avoidant emotion focused Correct: problem focused stress reduction

An archetype is a ________.

balance of opposing forces within one's personality collective consciousness feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society Correct: pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.

behavior evolution Correct: genetics nurture

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

behavioral genetics Correct: evolution by natural selection genetic mutation survivalism

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

boys display fear differently from girls boys display more fear than girls Correct: emotion can be a conditioned response fear cannot be a conditioned response

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors Correct: usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

case study experiment Correct: naturalistic observation survey

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

classical conditioning Correct: observational operant

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

classical conditioning imitation modeling Correct: operant conditioning

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

cognition Correct: model response stimulus

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

cognitive Correct: developmental personality social

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

cognitive counseling Correct: forensic legal

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

cognitive behavioral dependent Correct: evolutionary Freudian

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

cognitive developments Correct: developmental milestones naturalistic observations psychosexual stages

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

cognitive dissonance diffusion of responsibility social exchange Correct: stereotypes

Oleksiy is an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. He also reminds himself that some of his friends from grad school can't find work related to art in any way. Which type of coping approach is Oleksiy using?

cognitive emotional Correct: emotion focused problem focused stress free

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy ECT Correct: play therapy RET

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

conditioned Correct: latent partial primary

What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?

conditions Correct: instincts operants reflexes

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter

confounding variable dependent variable Correct: independent variable variability

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

conscience Correct: consciousness REM sleep unconsciousness

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

conservation egocentrism pretend play Correct: stranger anxiety

When light levels are low, the pupil will become ________, to allow more light to enter the eye.

contracted Correct: dilated longer smaller

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments

control Correct: double-blind pilot randomly assigned

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) ________.

correlation fact Correct: illusory correlation opinion

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

cortex; forebrain fissures; folds Correct: folds; grooves grooves; folds

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design

cross sectional experimental Correct: longitudinal survey

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

difficulty comprehending language difficulty producing language Correct: motor skill deficits in the left side of her body sensory deficits in the right side of her body

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

dysfunction dysgraphia Correct: dyslexia dysthymia

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

effortful procedural recall Correct: sensory

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

emotion-threat eustress-distress Correct: fight-or-flight flight-or-fright

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.

emotional GABA Correct: neurotransmitter serotonin

Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.

external circadian Correct: jet lag night terrors parasomnia

Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________.

extrovert humanist Correct: introvert neo-Freudian

What is vertigo?

fear of heights inability to see color noise phobia Correct: spinning sensation

Which of the following exemplifies olfaction?

feeling the warmth of the sun hearing an airplane fly overhead Correct: smelling cookies in the oven tasting white chocolate fudge

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

fixed interval fixed ratio variable interval Correct: variable ratio

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

frontal occipital parietal Correct: temporal

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

generativity vs. stagnation Correct: identity vs. confusion isolation vs. intimacy trust vs. mistrust

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

generativity vs. stagnation identity vs. guilt initiative vs. guilt Correct: integrity vs. despair

What is a social role?

group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting Correct: socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ________ in professional athletes and bodybuilders.

growth hormone insulin Correct: testosterone thyroxine

Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.

having hundreds of first editions in his book collection Correct: organizing the books thinking about the books all the time thinking about the order of the books all the time

Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________.

imitation modeling stimulus discrimination Correct: stimulus generalization

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.

instinct Correct: learning reflex stimulus

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

inter-rater reliability reliability Correct: replication validity

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant Correct: race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background

Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has difficulty seeing in dim light. This is called ________.

legal blindness Correct: night blindness night impairment night vision

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

meat and vegetable monosodium and glutamate Correct: umami and fat content umami and monosodium glutamate

Trephination is the ________.

method that supposedly proved that the world is flat Correct: procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape technique that helps ensure the validity of experimental results theory that mental illness is caused by demonic possession

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

night terrors non-REM NREM Correct: REM

How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep?

one two three Correct: four

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

only behavior only the mind Correct: the mind and behavior the soul, the mind, and behavior

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

physiological stressors related to her shooting Correct: posttraumatic stress disorder prolonged exposure to cortisol the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome

Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.

stress-free tranquil Type A Correct: Type B