Psych Social Learning Curve
_____ is an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.
Prejudice
_____ is revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.
Self-disclosure
Juan's friends ask him to participate in some activities. He feels pressure to join them even though the adventures might not be in his best interest. Which of the following reasons might be strengthening Juan's conformity to the group?
He admires the group's status and attractiveness.
Executives from a Japanese automobile company decide to build an automobile plant in the United States. In Japan, workers in automobile plants work together in teams. According to research on social loafing why would this not be as good an idea for United States workers?
In individualistic cultures social loafing would be more likely and decrease production.
Attitudes are likely to affect behavior when:
both of these occur.
Hugh bought a new calculator for $125. One week later, he saw an ad from another store showing the same calculator on sale for $65. Hugh said, "I'm still glad I got my calculator; the cheaper ones are probably defective. I don't mind having paid more for mine." Hugh's statement reflects:
cognitive dissonance reduction.
Juan was shopping for a new watch and the salesperson was pressuring him to spend money way above his financial limit. Juan attributed the behavior to the salesperson's pushy personality. Juan was attributing her behavior to _____ factors.
dispositional
Alexandra is well-liked by her friends. When watching her, one can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Tanya Chartrand would suggest that this automatic mimicry is a component of:
empathy.
Deficits in the functioning of the _____ are positively correlated with aggression.
frontal lobe
Participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of:
learning.
Ben's sister-in-law always has a smile on her face and a joke to tell. The moment she walks into the house he starts smiling, even before she says something funny. This is caused by:
mood linkage.
Ellen Hatfield and her co-workers randomly matched new University of Minnesota students for a Welcome Week dance. On the night of the blind date, the couples danced and talked for more than two hours and then took a brief intermission to rate their dates. What determined whether they liked each other?
physical attractiveness
The _____ theory proposes that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
scapegoat
Studies imply that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the:
scapegoat theory.
Aggression is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
serotonin
Aggressive behavior in males has been linked with low levels of _____ and high levels of _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
serotonin; testosterone
Evan's father yells at him for being five minutes late for tee time. Rather than believe his father is a rude jerk, he decides that he may be having difficulties at his job. This means he makes a _____ attribution about his behavior.
situational
Charlie's friend yells at him for being five minutes late for lunch. Rather than believe his friend is a rude jerk, he decides that she may be having difficulties with her partner. Therefore, he makes a _____ about her behavior.
situational attribution
Dr. Perez is studying prejudice and discrimination. What type of psychologist is she likely to be? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
social
Francisco decides that his free time over the weekend is not as important as the good feelings and joy of giving back to the community so he decides to volunteer at the Special Olympics. This illustrates the:
social exchange theory.
A comedian has a series of jokes that work very well when there is a full house. However, tonight his gig is in an uncrowded room. His jokes are not going over well. The audience is talking back to him. Some begin to boo and he eventually is booed off stage. Which of the following can best account for his unsuccessful night?
social facilitation
At her health club, Bonnie pedals an exercise bike much faster when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates:
social facilitation.
The local basketball team seems to perform better in front of the home crowd on their home court. This best illustrates:
social facilitation.
Mark, Jane, and Meagan are working on a class project together. Meagan finds that Mark is rarely available and that he has contributed minimally to the project. Meagan is experiencing the _____ of Mark.
social loafing
Which of the following study the social influences that explain why the same person will act differently in different situations?
social psychologists
Hostilities between a riverfront community's two racial subgroups were dramatically reduced when the threat that the river would flood its banks required them to work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
superordinate goals.
David T. Lykken's saying of "we could avoid two-thirds of all crime simply by putting all able-bodied young men in cryogenic sleep from the age of 12 through 28" demonstrates the understanding that:
testosterone levels and aggressiveness decrease with age.
Lori decides to make a positive change in her life. Instead of going to work with a frown on her face, she will force herself to smile when she walks out the door. According to _____, by altering her behavior she stands a good chance of changing her attitude.
the attitudes-follow-behavior principle
People often commit the fundamental attribution error, especially when they explain:
the behavior of strangers who have been observed in only one type of situation.
In individualistic cultures people are more likely to commit the _____ in comparison to collectivistic cultures.
fundamental attribution error
Christine thinks her job's strict tardiness policy is an indication of her boss's overly controlling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the company's high sales goal (her boss has to report how many shoes were sold each day to the corporate headquarters). Her judgment best illustrates the:
fundamental attribution error.
What explains the rise of fascism in the 1930's?
group polarization
What is most likely to explain the growth of Islamic terrorism in the 1990's?
group polarization
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives is referred to as:
groupthink.
Yolanda is the expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on her choice of scales. She decides to change her opinion for the good of the group. This best illustrates:
groupthink.
While walking 30 yards from the ocean shoreline, Mr. Hughes heard a swimmer cry for help. However, he continued walking because he thought that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates:
the bystander effect.
Why does social facilitation account for the home advantage noted in both college and professional athletic events?
the energizing effect of the enthusiastic audience
What is the better predictor of physical attractiveness?
the face
A telemarketer calls one night and asks for a one dollar donation to a local charity for children. Scott happily agrees. A week later the same telemarketer calls asking for a twenty dollar donation to the same charity and he agrees. This is known as:
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
It is an election year and a volunteer asks if Claude would put a small, one-foot sign in his yard. He agrees. The next week, his wife cannot believe he agreed to let the volunteer put a new, three-foot sign on the front lawn. This is known as:
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
Professor Garcia is assigning a group project for her research methods course. What could she do in an attempt to reduce social loafing?
try to make students feel accountable for their part by awarding points for participation, thereby making their share in the grade different
Passionate love has been described as "adrenaline makes the heart grow fonder" because of the arousal caused by another person. The theory that best explains this is the:
two-factor theory.
When are people most likely to obey an order related to harming someone else?
when the person being harmed is far away
When are people most likely to obey?
when the person giving orders is seen as an authority figure
The quote by Joseph Joubert, "Those who never retract their opinions love themselves more than they love truth" best explains:
why some people may not be susceptible to informational social influence.
_____ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy.
Aggression
Dr. Cheng studies social influence at a university in China. He is concerned because he is finding that rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher who does his research in the United States. Which of the following reasons might account for this difference?
Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that prizes collectivism, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.
_____ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
Normative social influence; informational social influence
Siblings Josh and Jackie share the use of their parents' second car. They constantly argue over who gets the car for each night of the weekend. If a mediator were brought in to settle the dispute, which approach might the mediator first apply?
The mediator would lead each sibling to think about the other's underlying needs and goals.
Stephanie's new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over her room, and she assumes she must be a slob. Stephanie is attributing her behavior to:
a stable, enduring personality characteristic
Discrimination is a negative _____, whereas prejudice is a negative _____.
behavior; attitude
Discrimination is to _____ as prejudice is to _____.
behavior; attitude
Suggestibility and mimicry are subtle types of:
conformity.
When people adjust their own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, they are exhibiting:
conformity.
What might account for the increase in Internet bullies during adolescence?
deindividuation
The fundamental attribution error is more apparent in _____ than it is in _____.
individualistic European countries; East Asian cultures
This is influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
informational social influence
Marcie was invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz-Carlton. She has never been served a 10-course meal before so she is unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Because Marcie is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Marcie is displaying:
informational social influence.
John Darley and Bibb Latane simulated a physical emergency in their laboratory. University students participated in a discussion over an intercom. Each student was in a separate cubicle, and only the person whose microphone was switched on could be heard. One of the students was an accomplice of the experimenters. When his turn came, he made sounds as though he were having an epileptic seizure and called for help. Those subjects who believed only they could hear the victim were: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
more likely to help.
Makayla has heard that the teachers are considering switching her to the gifted class. Makayla decides to "dumb down" to act more like her friends. She begins answering questions incorrectly in class, on purpose, in order to be more like her friends. Her behavior is an example of:
normative social influence.
While Wendy disagrees with her boss, she laughs at her joke anyway to gain her approval. Wendy's behavior illustrates:
normative social influence.
While eating at the university cafe, students see a waiter's serving tray tilt and the food and beverages spill all over four people. "What a careless, clumsy idiot," they mumble to themselves as they resume eating. They have just committed an attributional bias called:
the fundamental attribution error.
In the Asch conformity experiments, researchers found that a person was more likely to conform to the group when:
the group was unanimous.
Repeated exposure to novel stimuli causes people to have more positive feelings for them. This is known as:
the mere exposure effect.
People are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error if:
they have a long-term friendship with the person they are observing.
