psych test 2

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

. Erik Erikson

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

. Lawrence Kohlberg

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of ________.

. a subliminal message

What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?

. afterimage

What is described by the concept of perception?

. how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?

. moral reasoning

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

. narcolepsy

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

. parasomnias

Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________.

. smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

How does the term Gestalt relate to the psychological study of perception?

. Perception involves more than simply combining sensory stimuli; therefore, perception is studied as Gestalt

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

naturalistic observation

Congenital deafness refers to deafness ________.

since birth

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

sleep

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

stimulant

Who described the collective unconscious?

Carl Jung

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt

What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?

In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.

Several studies have suggested that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person. What does this imply about perception?

Perceptions our influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

achievement gap

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention.

blindness

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way?

caffeine

The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.

circadian

_____development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

depressant

Sleep apnea is defined by ________.

episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogenic

Which part of the eye holds eye color?

iris

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

methadone

________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

motor

Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.

opioid

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; sensation

________ is a chemical message sent by another individual.

pheromone

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

physical

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional

______development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychosocial

Ego identity is our ________.

sense of self

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

umami and fat content