psych unit 3

A two-year-old child has a pet dog called Sophie. The child visits her neighbor's house and sees their pet dog. Even though the neighbor's dog is larger and of a different color, the child points to it and calls it a dog. Which of Piaget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating? A. Assimilation B. Accommodation C. Attribution D. Equilibration

A

According to Ainsworth, infants who show _________ are least distressed by their mother's departure. A. avoidant attachment B. ambivalent attachment C. secure attachment D. resistant attachment

A

According to Arnett, which of the following is a feature of the stage of emerging adulthood? Correct A. Identity exploration B. egocentrism C. mid-life crisis D. empty nest syndrome

A

According to research performed by Kohlberg, children at the preconventionallevel base their moral judgments on _____. A. the consequences of behavior B. rules that maintain the social order C. personal conscience D. the sense of self-reliance

A

According to the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, all of the following are true EXCEPT: A. there is an overproduction of dopamine. B. there is an overutilization of dopamine. C. the fact that increased amounts of dopamine are present at the synapses. D. the fact that a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia is present.

A

Boris has been under a great deal of stress. Which of the following is most likely true? A. His immune system is weakened. B. His immune system is strengthened. C. His immune system is unaffected. D. His immune system has become part of the respiratory system.

A

Cory was driving when an accident killed his best friend who was sitting in the car with him. However, Cory escaped uninjured. When he woke up the next morning, he couldn't remember where he was or what had happened the previous night. He is most likely exhibiting: A. dissociative amnesia. B. psychomotor retardation C. schizophrenia D. neuroticism

A

Ecstatic elation and deep depression are both aspects of _____. A. bipolar disorder B. delusional disorder C. somatoform disorder D. personality disorder

A

Edgar was upset about something a friend said to him the previous day. He figured that he'd better not mention it to this friend because then this friend would be angry with him. This is an example of the effects of ________ on stress. A. irrational thoughts B. lowered arousal C. the Type A behavior pattern D. adrenaline

A

For a patient suffering with painful arthritis the doctor may prescribe A. a daily dose of the Comedy Hour. B. the Murder Mystery Show. C. the Opera Listening Hour. D. regular Soap Operas

A

Individuals who are more likely to exhibit irrational beliefs that can put them at a higher risk for anxiety and depression are A. dependent on social approval and perfectionist. B. Type B personalities. C. high in self efficacy. D. competent.

A

Individuals who experience more car accidents and often arrive early for appointments are _________ personalities. A. Type A B. Type B C. Type C D. Type D

A

Kelly has devoted her weekends to working in a homeless shelter. Due to her philanthropic activities, her manager has considered her for a promotion at work. According to Watson and Skinner, which of the following statements will most likely explain Kelly's motivation to do social work? A. She has been rewarded for altruistic behaviors previously. B. She did not receive enough nurturance from her mother. C. She has irrational beliefs about the value of such work. D. She is exhibiting reaction formation.

A

Lewis has been kicked in the head. When it becomes inflamed, A. more blood flows to that region. B. less blood flows to that region. C. red blood cells fight off microscopic bacteria. D. antigens are released through the site of injury.

A

Mariana is a 14-year-old girl dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents are unhappy and forbid her from meeting him. She fights with them regularly because she believes that she loves him. She even threatens to run away with him. This scenario best represents Mariana's _____. A. personal fable B. personal fantasy C. role diffusion D. status differential

A

Mark sees an attacker approaching him with a knife. During his reaction, he experiences increased energy and a faster heart rate. This is caused most directly by A. adrenaline and noradrenaline. B. CRH and ACTH. C. cortisol. D. corticosteroids

A

Nicholas develops a new assessment tool to measure the psychological concept of extraversion. He finds that individuals who take the test repeatedly tend to score similarly each time. Which dimension of assessment has Nicholas established? A. reliability B. variability C. validity D. scoring

A

One theory about the way humor functions to help people cope with stress is that humor is correlated with A. immune system efficiency. B. higher electrolytes in the CNS. C. dopamine decreases. D. better circulation.

A

People with _____ are preoccupied with exaggerated or imagined physical defects; continuous hair pulling, and compulsive skin-picking. A. body dysmorphic disorder B. acute stress disorder C. dissociative identity disorder D. somatoform disorder

A

People with _________ complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. A. somatoform disorder B. dissociative amnesia C. psychomotor retardation D. acute stress disorder

A

People with _________ have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression. A. bipolar disorder B. somatoform disorder C. psychomotor retardation D. dissociative amnesia

A

People with generalized anxiety disorder: A. suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity. B. show indifference to their symptoms. C. are particularly afraid of suffocation. D. suffer from disturbances in thinking, language, perception, motor behavior, and social interaction

A

Sarah's thinking is considered to be peculiar. She mixes up words from different languages and strings them along in rambling sentences. She plays out her fantasy of living in a world of cotton candy all day. However, she does not suffer from hallucinations or delusions. Sarah is displaying symptoms of _____. A. schizotypal personality disorder B. antisocial personality disorder C. schizoid personality disorder D. paranoid personality disorder

A

Shawna is in her mid-fifties. Her college-going son lives in a separate apartment in the same citywhile her parents live with her. She cooks meals for her son regularly and does his laundry. At the same time, she looks after her parents, who are dependent on her. Shawna is facing the difficulties of the _____. A. sandwich generation B. critical period generation C. identity exploration generation D. authoritarian generation

A

Skinner believed that the effects of _________ on behavior should be emphasized. A. reinforcement B. personal freedom C. choice D. self-direction

A

Somatoform disorders are characterized by: A. a disturbance in expression of emotions. B. a complaint of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that one has a serious disease when it does not exist. C. the separation of mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, identity, memory, or consciousness. D. disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams and fantasy.

A

The social cognitive theory is criticized because _________. A. it pays less attention to genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior B. it tends to be more descriptive than explanatory C. it gives less attention to person variables such as values and expectancies D. it subdues the importance of publicly observable variables or behaviors

A

Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes _________. A. self-awareness B. self-actualization C. self-efficacy D. self-concept

A

Vacationing in Paris versus vacationing in Rome could be an example of an ______________ conflict. A. approach-approach B. approach-avoidance C. avoidance-avoidance D. advance-remove

A

When introducing himself to new people, Aaron says that he is a Catholic, Argentinean, and a grandfather of three. He defines himself in terms of these relationships that he maintains with other people. According to the sociocultural perspective on personality, this kind of description is characteristic of: A. collectivists. B. individualists C. impressionists D. neo-impressionists

A

When under a great deal of stress, the body secretes these hormones in which of the following orders? A. CRH, ACTH, cortisol B. ACTH, CRH, cortisol C. ACTH, cortisol, CRH D. CRH, cortisol, ACTH

A

Which of the following did Karen Horney's views emphasize? A. Unconscious sexual impulses are less important than social relationships in childhood. B. There are only four stages of sexual development in the psychological development of human beings. C. Women should remain at home and care for children. D. Young girls experience penis envy when they discover that boys have a penis

A

Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory? A. social relationships B. sexual development C. rewards and punishment D. self-actualization

A

Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression? A. Mary witnessed the death of her sister when she was young but cannot remember it now. B. Mark wants to remember what he ate for lunch but is not sure whether it was tuna or hamburger. C. Michael tells people he did not cheat in high school but knows it is untrue. D. Rachel thought about going to a party, but her mother forced her to stay at home

A

Which of the following is true of Carl Jung's analytical psychology theory? A. It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes. B. It emphasizes the feelings of inferiority and the creative self. C. It focuses on personality characteristics that were generally presumed to be embedded in the nervous system. D. It focuses on learning by observation and on the cognitive processes that underlie personal differences

A

Which of the following tests is an example of an objective test? A. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory B. The Rorschach Inkblot Test C. The Thematic Apperception Test D. Word Association Test

A

Which personality type is associated with migraine headaches more so than muscle- tension headaches? A. Type A B. Type B C. Type C D. Type D

A

While crossing the street Jennifer looks to her left and sees an oncoming truck. She first experiences the A. alarm reaction. B. resistance stage. C. prayer effect. D. estrogen scare response.

A

While in a bus, a man overhears a discussion about a person who is about to be terminated from his job. The man believes that the people on the bus are talking about him and that he has been targeted. Which of the following delusions does the man demonstrate? A. Delusions of reference B. Delusions of grandeur C. Disorganized delusions D. Dangerous delusions

A

William feels as if he has too much to do and not enough time to accomplish these things. These thoughts are considered A. daily hassles. B. uplifts. C. downers. D. leukocytes.

A

_____ is the erroneous belief that one is being victimized or made to suffer. A. Ideas of persecution B. Dissociative amnesia C. Psychomotor retardation D. Learned helplessness

A

_________ are parents who generally leave their children to themselves. A. uninvolved parents B. authoritative parents C. authoritarian parents D. permissive parents

A

_________ is characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event. A. Acute stress disorder B. Dissociative identity disorder C. Somatoform disorder D. Bipolar disorder

A

13-year-old Judy is poor at math. Her teacher, Ms. Kobes,helps her out by providing her with a list of tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient at the subject. According to Vygotsky, Ms. Kobes is using _____ to help the child. A. artificialism B. scaffolding C. proximal development D. objective responsibility

B

A demand made on an organism to adapt is called A. request. B. stress. C. dissonance. D. equilibrium

B

A man witnessed an explosion in which a coworker died, and soon after, he lost his vision. Despite many neurological tests, doctors could find no organic basis for the man's loss of eyesight. A psychological explanation for this incident is: A. illness anxiety disorder. B. conversion disorder C. brain disorder D. generalized anxiety disorder

B

A person with _________ is suddenly unable to recall important personal information. A. bipolar disorder B. dissociative amnesia C. psychomotor retardation D. delusional disorder

B

A similarity between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is that both: A. occur six months or more after the traumatic event and tend to persist. B. are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event. C. occur within a month of the event and last from two days to four weeks. D. are characterized by loss of memory that is caused by a traumatic event.

B

A student is starting a math exam. After reading the first question, they convince themselves that they will fail even though they studied for the test. What should this student do? A. Pretend they are ill and leave as soon as possible. B. Take a deep breath and tell themselves I can do this. I am prepared. C. Stop trying because it will only make matters worse. D. none of these

B

According to Freud, the ego is guided by the _____. A. moral principle B. reality principle C. pleasure principle D. reasoning principle

B

According to the five-factor model, the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, _________, agreeableness, and openness to experience. A. transcendence B. conscientiousness C. temperance D. courage

B

Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on: A. the collective unconscious and archetypes. B. feelings of inferiority and the creative self. C. personality characteristics that were generally presumed to be embedded in the nervous system. D. learning by observation and on the cognitive processes that underlie personal differences.

B

Betsy paces herself in her work, tends to be less impatient, and also tends to be less ambitious. She fits a ________ pattern. A. Type A B. Type B C. Type C D. Type D

B

Bobby spilled water accidentally on his father's computer, but contrary to expectations, Bobby did not get grounded. His father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assured Bobby that he still loved him, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobby's father's response is an example of _____. A. uncategorical aptitude B. unconditional positive regard C. uncategorical positive aptitude D. conditional positive regard

B

Chris, a high school student, is looking up the profiles of various colleges to make a decision about which one he wants to attend. Being a confident person, he believes that he will do well at a prestigious university. His belief in his success is called _____ by social cognitive theorists. A. defense mechanism B. self-efficacy expectations C. modeling D. existentialism

B

Eric has high blood pressure, and his doctors have found no specific cause. This is most properly called A. pulmonary hypertension. B. essential hypertension. C. emesis hypertension. D. electrolyte hypertension.

B

Gender differences in response to stress are thought to be related to _________. A. steroids B. hormones C. blood D. neurotransmitters

B

In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called _________. A. self-esteem B. self-actualization C. self-efficacy D. self-concept

B

Individuals who are relaxed, patient, forgiving and focus on the quality of life are A. Type A. B. Type B C. Type C D. Type D

B

Jesse has migraine headaches. Which of the following is characteristic of migraine headaches? A. decreased sensitivity to light B. perception of unusual odors C. increase in appetite D. gradual onset

B

Jim overhears a classmate explaining toa friend that peopleare free to do what theychoose with theirlives and that the meaning of theirlives is whattheygive to it. He further explains that peoplehave unique ways of looking at the world, known as unique frame of reference. The classmate is describing the views of _____. A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Rogers C. John Watson D. Hans Eysenck

B

Kathy hurt her back. She is afraid to go to the doctor because she is worried it is serious, but she is also concerned that it will only worsen without treatment. This is A. multiple approach-approach conflict. B. avoidance-avoidance conflict. C. approach-approach conflict. D. approach-avoidance conflict.

B

Katie studies the relationship between psychological factors and the workings of the immune system. This field of study is called A. hematology-oncology. B. psychoneuroimmunology. C. pulmonaryimmunology. D. psychopulmonology.

B

Kyle is possessed by the thought that he is an evil person who will murder somebody, even though he is not capable of the heinous act. He tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day. Kyle demonstrates: A. illness anxiety disorder. B. obsessive-complusive disorder C. dissociative identity disorder D. posttraumatic stress disorder

B

Kyra is a historymajor and talks to her grandfather regularly. She calls him her human dictionary because he can give her the meaning of almost every word that she asks him. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying _____. A. fluid intelligence B. crystallized intelligence C. abstract intelligence D. spatial intelligence

B

Nadine has a newborn baby boy. The first time her husband turned on the television,the baby drew up his legs and arched his back in response to the sudden noise.In this scenario, the baby exhibited the _____. A. withdrawal reflex B. Moro reflex C. Babinski reflex D. palmer reflex

B

Paul is concerned about his risk for cancer. Which of the following is true of the development of cancer? A. People do not normally develop cancerous cells. B. People normally develop cancerous cells. C. People cannot normally destroy cancerous cells. D. Behavior patterns do not influence the occurrence of cancer

B

People with _________ do not show the grossly disorganized thinking of paranoid schizophrenia. A. catatonic schizophrenia B. paranoid personality disorder C. dissociative amnesia D. dissociative identity disorder

B

People with _________ feel an overpowering need to accumulate certain kinds of possessions and have difficulty discarding them. A. dissociative disorder B. hoarding disorder C. somatoform disorder D. schizotypal disorder

B

People with depersonalization-derealization disorder: A. complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. B. experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal. C. have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression. D. hold persistent, clearly delusional beliefs, often involving paranoid themes

B

Peter has decided to manage his stress related to his statistics class by talking to his professor, his TA and joining a study group. Peter is engaging in A. emotion-focused coping. B. problem-focused coping. C. rational-focused coping. D. none of these

B

Psychological disorders are: A. predictable responses to specific events. B. sometimes characterized by anxiety. C. considered socially appropriate behavior. D. considered normal and do not cause personal distress

B

Sigmund Freud was the first to develop the _____ of personality. A. behavioral theories B. psychodynamic theories C. humanistic theories D. cognitive theories

B

Somatoform disorders involve: A. the conversion of anxiety into a physical form. B. complaints of physical problems. C. repressed memories. D. the transformation of anger into a physical illness.

B

Steve has just completed a personality assessment in which he was shown a series of cards one at a time and asked to make up stories about them. Which of the following tests is he most likely to have taken? A. The Rorschach Inkblot Test B. The Thematic Apperception Test C. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory D. An Objective Test

B

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of psychosocial development in children? A. They develop self-direction and initiative. B. They are dependent on their primary caregivers. C. They develop a sense of independence. D. They master adult skills.

B

Which of the following is consistent with Erikson's stage of ego integrity versus despair? A. People desire sexual activity even if some aspects of performance are not what they were. B. People focus on letting go and accepting their place in the sweep of history. C. People form emotional goals that bring them satisfaction. D. People show a decline in fluid intelligence.

B

Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism? A. A child acts selfishly due to his id. B. A man donates to charity because his parents rewarded this behavior C. A child becomes an engineer due to her genes. D. A woman becomes a lawyer because she has a need for achievement

B

Which of the following targets cognitions to reduce the state of arousal caused by stress? A. biofeedback B. meditation C. ossification D. progressive relaxation

B

Which of the following theorists believed that personality is not something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives? A. Sociocultural theorists B. Humanistic theorists C. Freudian theorists D. Cognitive theorists

B

Who among the following is at the greatest risk for cancer? A. Bob, who is a carpenter, married, and exercises. B. Kathy, who works outside, smokes, and is depressed. C. Mei, who owns a health food store and is a lesbian. D. John, who smokes but does not drink alcohol and works as a counselor.

B

Who would be most at risk for CHD when looking only at the type of work they do? A. Karen, who has a job with high psychological demand and high decision control B. Mark, who has a job with high psychological demand and low decision control C. Mike, who has a job with low psychological demand and low decision control D. Bernice, who has a job with low psychological demand and high decision control

B

________ are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, or heights. A. Delusions B. Specific phobias C. Hallucinations D. Psychomotor retardations

B

_________ is mental flexibility as shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems. A. refractive intelligence B. fluid intelligence C. crystallized intelligence D. schema intelligence

B

_________ refers to the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another. A. Cognition B. Personality C. Motivation D. Liability

B

A young man is having trouble getting along with his roommate. Sometimes, his roommate does not speak for days. On other days, he speaks rapidly and nonstop, and is often abrasive and aggressive. The roommate is showing symptoms suggesting: A. delusional disorder. B. somatoform disorder C. bipolar disorder D. anxiety disorder

C

According to Freud, the id follows the _____. A. moral principle B. reality principle C. pleasure principle D. reasoning principle

C

According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is based on a person's own moral standards at the _________. A. postoperational level B. preconventional level C. postconventional level D. preoperational level

C

According to ethologist Konrad Lorenz, a(n) _________is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus. A. imprinting period B. dormant period C. critical period D. comfort period

C

Delmar believes that he has been sent to Earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to, or associates with, a female is doomed to a life as a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are untrue. Which of the following does Delmar demonstrate? A. Hallucinations B. Stupor C. Delusions D. Catatonia

C

Eysenck focused on the relationships between two personality traits: _________ and emotional stability-instability. A. agreeableness-disagreeableness B. openness-shallowness C. introversion-extraversion D. conscientious-careless

C

Greg becomes a chain smoker in his early teens. According to the psychosexual stages of personality development, he is fixated at the _____. A. phallic stage B. anal stage C. oral stage D. genital stage

C

Illness and disease are affected A. only by genes. B. only by the environment. C. by genetic predispositions. D. by endochondral ossification.

C

Inflammation is caused by A. the nervous system. B. antibodies. C. the immune system. D. neurotransmitters within the liver.

C

Introverts and people who live alone are more prone to developing the common cold under stress because of a lack of A. humor. B. confidence. C. social support. D. efficacy.

C

Jane has episodes where she can't remember what she did or where she was. She has found clothing in her closet that she does not wear and doesn't know how it got there. When she goes to see the doctor, she introduces herself as Suzy. Jane seems to be exhibiting: A. depersonalization disorder. B. schizotypal C. dissociative identity disorder D. illness anxiety disorder

C

Jerry has poor social skills and lives on his own. When he is under stress, A. he will develop an internal locus of control. B. he will develop an external locus of control. C. he is more likely to develop an infectious disease. D. he is less likely to develop an infectious disease.

C

Kristen has a cold, and her body reacts to the virus in her system. This virus is considered a(n) A. erythrocyte. B. antibody. C. antigen. D. leukocyte.

C

Lena is a mother of two. From the time her first child was born, Lena has been working at a school and managing every aspect of her children's lives. She believes that she must contribute to her family as well as society. According to Erik Erikson, Lena is best demonstrating _____. A. egocentrism B. stagnation C. generativity D. assimilation

C

Lewis generally comes across as a quick-tempered individual. His anger is easily triggered by trivial situations. According to Eysenck's dimensions, which of the following is true of Lewis? A. He is extraverted and stable. B. He is introverted and unstable. C. He is extraverted and unstable. D. He is introverted and stable.

C

Lili has a headache after a day of frustrating events. Most likely she is experiencing a ________ headache. A. migraine B. cluster C. muscle-tension D. atypical

C

Mary has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Mary has: A. positive symptoms. B. negative symptoms C. both positive and negative symptoms D. neutral symptoms

C

Miguel, an unusually uncontrollable child, runs around the house endlessly, has little sleep, and often has temper tantrums. His mother exclaims to the family doctor, "I swear that kid is possessed!" In this scenario, which perspective on psychological disorders is she most likely to hold? A. The biopsychosocial model B. The diathesis-stress model C. The demonological model D. The medical model

C

Psychological hardiness is characterized by A. youth, commitment, and control. B. youth, control, and challenge. C. challenge, commitment, and control. D. challenge, contraction, and control.

C

Schizophrenia is characterized by: A. an inability to be alone. B. feelings of frustration because the victims feel that they are so different from other people C. disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, and mood D. rigid and over controlled thinking

C

The Electra complex involves: A. a girl wanting to kill her father and possess her mother. B. a boy wanting to kill his father and possess his mother. C. a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother. D. a boy longing for his father and resenting his mother.

C

The _____ of conversion disorders holds that it is a form of self-hypnosis. A. learning perspective B. demonologic perspective C. biopsychosocial perspective D. chemical perspective

C

The development of mutant cells that take root in the body is known as A. stroke. B. CHD. C. cancer. D. respiratory failure.

C

The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by: A. children being absorbed in watching themselves close and open their hands. B. children thinking in two dimensions. C. children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects. D. children being able to engage in moral reasoning.

C

Timmy's father does not demonstrate affection with Timmy, forces Timmy to act in specific ways, anddoes not allow Timmy to ever disagree with him. According to Diana Baumrind's theory on parenting styles, Timmy's father displays a(n) _____ style of parenting. A. submissive B. authoritative C. authoritarian D. permissive

C

Vaccinations often introduce a small amount of antigen so the immune system produces _________, which remain in the bloodstream for years to fight off the disease in case of re-exposure. A. pathogens B. steroids C. antibodies D. hormones

C

When an individual can no longer cope with ongoing stress and becomes ill, they have reached the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. A. death B. peak C. exhaustion D. alarm

C

Which group is more likely to commit suicide when depressed? A. B personalities B. Type C personalitie C. perfectionists D. all of these

C

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of psychological disorders? A. A faulty perception or interpretation of reality B. Personal distress C. Socially acceptable behavior D. Self-defeating behavior

C

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory? A. The role of psychodrama as a therapeutic tool B. The concept of reward and punishment C. The far-reaching effects of childhood events D. The idea that group dynamics have therapeutic effects

C

Which of the following is true concerning African Americans and cancer? A. lower incidence of lung cancer than European Americans B. less likely to die from lung cancer than European Americans C. more likely to contract most forms of cancer than European Americans D. less likely to contract most forms of cancer than European Americans

C

Which one of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory? A. It failed to recognize the importance of repression. B. It ignored the role of sexual drives. C. It was too vague to scientifically measure the psychic structures. D. It disregarded the far-reaching effects of childhood events.

C

_____ developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology. A. Sigmund Freud B. Alfred Adler C. Carl Jung D. Erik Erikson

C

_________ in part reflects the horrors of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide, frequent events in the 20th century. A. Humanism B. Behaviorism C. Existentialism D. Individualism

C

_________ is a personality trait characterized largely by persistent anxiety. A. Insanity B. psychomotor retardation C. neuroticism D. dissociative amnesia

C

_________ is also termed as modeling. A. gender typing B. social cognition C. observational learning D. self-actualization

C

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concreate operational stage refers to: A. children being able to adapt to social and cultural situations. B. children being able to repeat pleasurable behavior patterns. C. children being able to center on two dimensions of a problem at once. D. children being able to attribute life and consciousness to physical objects.

C children being able to center on two dimensions of a problem at once

Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is defined by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies before them? A. the age of identity exploration B. the age of self-focus C. the age of possibilities D. The age of feeling in-between

C the age of possibilites

A _________ is a pattern of action or a "mental structure" involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge. A. stimulus B. reflex C. synapse D. schema

D

A psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants of personality than sexual urges. In addition, she argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. The professor's views are closest to those of _____. A. Karen Horney B. Carl Jung C. Alfred Adler D. Erik Erikson

D

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or the tap turned on. She feels that her house will get robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness. According to this scenario, she is most likely suffering from _____. A. illness anxiety disorder B. dissociative identity disorder C. posttraumatic stress disorder D. obsessive-compulsive disorde

D

According to Ainsworth, securely attached children: A. always have affectionate and reliable caregivers. B. get along better with peers and are better adjusted in school. C. develop psychological disorders during adolescence. D. seek interaction with their mothers upon reunion

D

According to Carl Rogers, _________ refer(s) to the mental images of what we are capable of becoming. A. self-esteem B. self-concept C. self-efficacy D. self-ideals

D

According to Ellis, a situation like failing a test, which results in stress is called a(n) A. According to Ellis, a situation like failing a test, which results in stress is called a(n) B. causal event. C. initiating event. D. activation event.

D

According to Erik Erikson, _________ is a firm sense of who one is and what one stands for. A. stimulation B. assimilation C. role diffusion D. ego identity

D

According to Erikson, which of the following is the goal of adolescence? A. Genital sexuality B. Latency C. Sexual maturity D. Ego identity

D

According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development have: A. high achievement motivation. B. the ability to form attachments C. poor depth perception D. the ability to hypothesize

D

All of the following are irrational beliefs many people have (according to Ellis) EXCEPT A. You must prove yourself to be thoroughly competent and adequate at achieving something important. B. You must have sincere love and approval almost all of the time from people who are important to you. C. People and things should turn out better than they do. D. It is unreasonable to expect complete competence at everything we do.

D

Amnesia is frequently associated with _____. A. somatoform disorders B. anxiety disorders C. mood disorders D. dissociative disorders

D

Conversion disorder is characterized by: A. peculiarities of thought, perception, or behavior, such as excessive fantasy and suspiciousness, feelings of being unreal, or the odd use of words. B. indifference to relationships and flat emotional response. C. disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy. D. a major change in, or loss of, physical functioning, although there are no medical findings to explain the loss of functioning.

D

Dawn wants to be a veterinarian because she wants to help animals remain healthy. On the other hand, she knows she does not like to see animals suffering from illnesses. This produces a(n) ________ conflict. A. multiple approach-approach B. avoidance-avoidance C. approach-approach D. approach-avoidance

D

Dominic learned that there is a system in the body that recognizes and destroys foreign agents. This system is properly called A. the alarm system. B. the scapular system. C. the integumentary system. D. the immune system.

D

Fran describes herself as complicated. Since she hates being alone, she is always looking for companionship and often gets involved in stormy relationships. Mostly, she gets into disagreements with people over her divided loyalties—she just cannot make up her mind to stand by one person. She has been hopping from job to job because she is not sure about what she likes to do. Her attitude is typical of a person with _____. A. schizotypal personality disorder B. antisocial personality disorder C. schizoid personality disorder D. borderline personality disorder

D

Freud said that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely _____. A. metaconscious, semiconscious, and catatonic B. postconscious, midconscious, and lateralconscious C. metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism D. conscious, unconscious, and preconscious

D

Greg is attempting to decide whether he should stay home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay home because he likes to relax, but then he will feel guilty that he is not exercising. If he were to go to the gym, he would be glad that he is exercising but unhappy because he does not enjoy the exercise itself. This is ________ conflict. A. approach-avoidance B. avoidance-avoidance C. multiple approach-approach D. multiple approach-avoidance

D

Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _____. A. girls' inferiority complex B. scientific evidence C. the theory of psychosocial development D. Western cultural prejudice

D

People with panic attacks tend to: A. complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. B. experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal. C. feel an overpowering need to accumulate certain kinds of possessions and have difficulty discarding them. D. misinterpret bodily cues and to view them as threats

D

Sanchez, an 8-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to a make-believe group of friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused brain damage." Which perspective on psychological disorders does she hold? A. The biopsychosocial model B. The diathesis-stress model C. The demonological model D. The medical model

D

The _________ functions according to the moral principle. A. ego B. id C. alter ego D. superego

D

The difference between major depressive disorder and run-of-the-mill depression is that: A. people with run-of-the-mill depression suffer from psychomotor retardation. B. the depression is less severe in people with major depressive disorder. C. the depression lasts longer in people with run-of-the-mill depression. D. the feeling of lack of energy, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities is more intense in people with major depressive disorder.

D

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on: A. the development of egocentrism in children's cognitive development. B. the occurrence of moral reasoning in children. C. the occurrence of egocentrism and conservation in children. D. the influence of teachers on children's cognitive development.

D

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage? A. Recollection of life experiences B. Selective optimization with compensation C. Inevitability of death D. Establishment of close relationships

D

Which of the following represents the correct developmental sequence of Sigmund Freud's stages of psychosexual development? A. Oral, phallic, anal, genital, and latency B. Phallic, oral, genital, latency, and anal C. Anal, oral, phallic, latency, and genital D. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genita

D

Which statement most accurately depicts the role of "predictability" as discovered in research on stress? A. It does not affect the impact of stress. B. It makes stress boring and therefore less tolerable. C. It increases the impact of stress. D. It decreases the impact of stress.

D

_______ is a condition in which the senses, thought, and movement are dulled. A. Insanity B. Neuroticism C. Hallucination D. Stupor

D

_______ is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax. A. Psychomotor retardation B. Dissociative amnesia C. Dissociative disorder D. Anxiety disorder

D

_________ are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli. A. schemas B. scaffoldings C. attachments D. reflexes

D