psych unit 4

Sensory adaptation refers to

diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

optic nerve D

A gestalt is best described as a(n)

organized whole D

The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates

parallel processing E

As the brain receives information about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells process and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects. This process best illustrates

perception

When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates

Change blindness C

As your teacher dims the lights to show a movie clip, you still perceive your friend's shirt as red. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Color Constancy C

Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to

D hue

Brightness is to intensity as hue is to

D wavelength

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina

Dilation of the pupil C

A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as _____ is to ______

Figure and ground D

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is:

Green C

Who emphasized that perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experience

Immanuel kant

Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the

Middle Ear E

The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called

Proximity C

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

The cocktail party effect D

Knowing the effects of the perceived distance of objects on their perceived size helps us understand

The moon illusion A

The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on

The vestibular sense D

What is the purpose of the eardrum

To transmit sound from the air to the bones of the middle ear E

Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of:

Top down processing

The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called

Transduction C

Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates:

Webers Law E

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ________ theory.

Young-Helmholtz

The volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of

pitch E

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the

pupil

Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?

rods and cones C

kinesthesis refers to the

system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. D

The pitch of a sound is determined by what

the frequency of the sound wave

Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by

the opponent-process theory

The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by

A Hair Cells

When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate:

A placebo effect D

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is calleed

Absolute Threshold D

Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that

C the ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate

A 3-D movie enhances our sense of depth perception by simulation the effects of

Retinal disparity B

Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates

Selective Attention D

As you look into an apple its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illsustrates

Sensation

Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of

Shape constancy D

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?

Signal Detection Theory A

Almost half the birds in the yard were brown cardinals and the rest were bright red cardinals, so Jimmy perceived them as two distinct groups of birds. This best illustrates the principle of

Similarity C

Audiotapes of soothing ocean sounds accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrates

Subliminal stimulation C

Hair cells line the surface of the

basilar membrane C

Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the following four sensations

bitter, sweet, sour and salty D

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the

blind spot A

Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process?

bottom up processing D

basilar membrane is located

cochlea D

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions called

depth perception D

When given a placebo that is said to relieve pain, we are likely to be soothed by the brain's release of

endorphins C

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brains occipital lobe?

feature detectors D

Hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ________ as recognizing the sound sequence as a familiar melody is to ________.

sensation and perception

Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the

sensory receptors B