Psych

What makes people have superiority and inferiority complexes?

A general sense of weakness

How is the Humanistic view different from Freud's personality theory?

Abraham Maslows humanistic approach emphasizes personal growth, resilience and the achievement of human potential Freud believed that the mind is responsible for both conscious and unconscious decisions that it makes on the basis of psychic drives. He also emphasizes the idea that events from our childhood shaped the person who we are today

What are the three factors which interact in the reciprocal determinism model?

According to psychologist Albert Bandura, reciprocal determinism is a model composed of three factors that influence behavior: the environment, the individual, and the behavior itself.

. What did Adler believe was the driving force behind people's behaviors and thoughts?

Adler puts a strong emphasis on the conscious thought process and social motives. He believes that people are motivated to grow and achieve their goals

Explain the two ways in which the unconscious makes itself known.

Can be revealed by free association, dreams, slips of the tongue (Freudian slips), accidents, etc.

What is Raymond Cattell's trait theory?

Cattell believed that the 16 factors represent the essential trains of human personality

There are two ways in which a person can become fixated in a psychosexual stage: frustration or overindulgence. Explain how a child might be frustrated OR overindulged and the outcome.

If frustrated, the child will be left with feelings of unmet needs characteristic of the stage frustrated in. If overindulged, the child is reluctant to move on to the next stage.

What are the three dimensions in the Eysenck Trait theory?

Introversion-extraversion Neuroticism-emotional stability Psychoticism

What is meant by an archetype? Give 2 examples.

Mental images that represent universal instincts, themes, and preoccupations Anima (women), animus (men)

What are the three patterns of behavior that individuals use to defend against anxiety?

Moving towards, away from and agains other people

What is the Five Factor Model of personality? What are the five factors?

Neuroticism Extraversion Openness to experience Agreeableness Conscientiousness

Explain Freud's structure of personality using the words Id, Ego and Superego.

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego. This theory, known as Freud's structural theory of personality, places great emphasis on the role of unconscious psychological conflicts in shaping behavior and personality.

What is the difference between a surface trait and a source trait? Give an example of each.

Surface traits are a concept developed by Raymond Cattell whose work concentrated on personality traits. He theorized that there are 16 source traits that are the building blocks of personality. All these traits form part of an individual's personality. When you put the source traits together along with other variables in the environment they make up the surface traits, which are the traits we see and think of as personality. Surface traits are considered one construct of multiple traits that go together. Source Trait. A concept developed by Raymond Cattell, Source Traits are the building blocks or sources of human personality. Cattell believed there are 16 of these source traits. For example, a person may be reserved or outgoing, serious or happy-go-lucky, and submissive or dominant For example, being altruistic would be a surface trait while source traits that comprise this would be being unselfishness, not greedy, sharing, and being thoughtful

What is meant by self-efficacy?

The belief in one's ability to take action that will bring about a desired outcome.

Give an example of each of Freud's three levels of awareness: conscious level, preconscious, unconscious level.

The conscious: The conscious consists of what someone is aware of at any particular point in time. It includes what you are thinking about right now, whether it is in the front of you mind or the back. If you are aware of it then it is in the conscious mind. *what I am reading right now The Preconscious: The preconscious contains information that is just below the surface of awareness. It can be retrieved with relative ease and usually can be thought of as memory or recollection. *my middle name, moms bday The Unconscious: The unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are buried deep in ourselves, well below our conscious awareness. Even though we are not aware of their existence, they exert great influence on our behavior. *extreme dislike for a parent, getting jumped, pooping your pants

What is the difference between unconditional positive regard and conditional positive regard? What effect does each have on children?

The sense of being valued and loved when a child behaves in in a certain way that either is acceptable to others (cpr) or even when not conforming to the standards of others (upr) *For example loving your gay kid

Why do people have to resort to using ego defense mechanisms? What is the ego defending itself against?

These defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological responses that protect people from threats and things that they don't want to think about or deal with.

What is the main cause of psychological problems?

many of these conditions are caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

What is meant by the collective unconscious?

the part of the unconscious mind which is derived from ancestral memory and experience and is common to all humankind, as distinct from the individual's unconscious.