Psych
avoidance-avoidance.
A conflict that involves two negative goals is called
elaborative
A psychology student wants to know how to remember the various aspects of operant conditioning. His teacher tells him to relate it to classical conditioning, which he already knows. This is an example of ______ rehearsal.
recognition
A student taking a multiple-choice exam generally relies on the ______ memory task.
episodic
Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different __________ memories of the event. episodic
activating event.
According to Ellis, a situation, such as failing a test, which results in stress is called a(n)
all of these
According to Peggy Blake and her colleagues (1984), which of the following did college students rate as stressful?
self-actualization
According to humanistic theory, people are separated from lower animals by our capacity for ______________.
chunking.
After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she combined the digits into smaller groups. This process is called
Rehearse the set of numbers keeping them in the 3 chunks format.
Amy is trying to remember her social security number, while registering for school. What technique would help Amy in this process?
anagram
An _________ problem requires reorganization of a group of letters to form words.
love and belonging needs
An honor student who joins a scholastics club looking for friendship is mostly satisfying the _________ of Maslow's hierarchy.
depression
An individual exhibiting parasympathetic arousal and self-destructive behavior is likely to be experiencing
eidetic imagery.
Another term for "photographic memory" is
proactive interference
At college Jim is learning to speak French, but he keeps using Spanish words he learned in high school. This is an example of
His immune system is weakened
Boris has been under a great deal of stress. Which of the following is most likely true?
Drink enough coffee to give herself the jitters again.
Brooke drinks so much coffee that she feels jittery while she is studying for her exam. Under these circumstances, what might Brooke do just before the exam to increase her recall?
maintenance rehearsal
By mentally repeating a telephone number after looking it up for the first time, Jim was engaged in
g
Charles Spearman referred to "general intelligence" as
family history
Clarice wants to assess her risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Which of the following is a risk factor for CHD?
security hassles.
Concerns about job security, terrorism, taxes and property investments are called
a mental set
Consider this problem: "A farmer had 15 sheep. All but 7 died. How many sheep did he have left?" Megan, the math major, arrived at the wrong answer; she said 8. Her response was probably based upon
a mental set.
Consider this problem: "A farmer had 15 sheep. All but 7 died. How many sheep did he have left?" Megan, the math major, arrived at the wrong answer; she said 8. Her response was probably based upon
all of these
Daily hassles can result in
serial-position effect.
Dana can only remember a few of the first and last items on her grocery list. This is an example of the
serial processing
Dr. Newson, an intern in pediatrics, takes note of the symptoms described by the infant's parents, then checks the baby's temperature, then listens to the baby's breathing, and finally orders a blood test. Dr. Newson is probably using __________ in making a diagnosis.
the parasympathetic division of the ANS
During the exhaustion phase, __________ predominates.
did not benefit from regular classroom instruction.
Early in the 20th Century, the French public school system wanted an assessment that would identify those students who
more; more
Education appears to be an influence on sexual behavior, with those having _______ education reporting ________ sex partners.
type of information stored.
Endel Tulving, the cognitive psychologist, classifies memories according to the
essential hypertension
Eric has high blood pressure, and his doctors have found no specific cause. This is most properly called
essential hypertension.
Eric has high blood pressure, and his doctors have found no specific cause. This is most properly called
self-efficacy expectations.
Eugene believes that he can bring about positive changes in his life through his own efforts. Psychologists would say that Eugene has high
serial processing
Experts are to parallel processing as novices are to __________.
Dramatic events stimulate the brain to produce exact or photographic memories.
Flashbulb memories seem vivid for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
an internal locus of control.
Gene knows he will be having surgery to remove a tumor in his neck. He has done research to learn about the procedure. This knowledge will help him most if he has
seven
George Miller found that the average person is able to keep about _______ digits in mind at a time.
incentive
Good grades serve as a(n) _______ for studying.
a cognitive bias towards assuming things will work out
Happiness tends to be accompanied by _____________, an attitudinal aspect of happiness.
reduce her stress.
Heidi is nervous about taking the bar exam at the end of the year. Knowledge of when this test will take place will likely
elaborative rehearsal.
Henry learned that the word diplomat originates from two Greek stems—diplo, meaning two or double, and mati, meaning eye. Therefore, an ambassador is a diplomat who looks at relations between his or her country and the foreign country from two sets of eyes or two perspectives. Henry had little difficulty remembering the definition. This is an example of
sensory memory briefly holds perceptions, making them seem connected.
Humans experience a "stream of consciousness" rather than discrete choppy impressions because
drive; need
Hunger is to _______ as food deprivation is to _______.
memory trace
If an image of Abraham Lincoln's face was flashed on a screen, the viewer could hold the visual impression in their sensory register as a
whole-report procedure; partial-report procedure
In 1960, George Sperling modified McDougall's method of __________ by introducing the __________.
all of these
In addition to providing educational opportunities, Head Start programs also provide
determines whether and how long information is retained.
In the Atkinson and Shiffrin stages of memory, the progress of information through these stages
Even though no food reached their stomachs, the dogs stopping feeding after a while, and resumed feeding sooner than dogs whose food reached their stomachs.
In the classic "sham feeding" experiments with dogs, what occurred?
implicit
In-line skating and tap dancing skills would be stored in __________ memory.
Type A
Individuals who are highly driven, competitive, impatient, and aggressive are referred to as
dependent on social approval and perfectionist.
Individuals who are more likely to exhibit irrational beliefs that can put them at a higher risk for anxiety and depression are
social support
Introverts and people who live alone are more prone to developing the common cold under stress because of a lack of
context-dependent memory.
Jennie returned to her elementary school when she was visiting her parents from her home in a distant city. When she came to the school playground swing set, she suddenly remembered being thrown off a swing and breaking her arm. Jennie was experiencing
he is more likely to develop an infectious disease
Jerry has poor social skills and lives on his own. When he is under stress,
The middle of the sequence
Jim had received driving directions to his destination from a town resident. A little while later, he was hopelessly lost again. He most probably failed to attend to directions at
hippocampus
Joe is a long-term alcoholic who has great difficulty storing new information in memory. What brain structure has likely sustained damage?
retroactive interference.
Joy just learned to speak French, but she notices that sometimes when speaking Spanish to her friends French words come to mind. This is an example of
mental abilities and factors
Many psychological researchers have defined intelligence as consisting of one or more
approach-approach
Mark is trying to make a choice between asking Helen or Lorelei to a party this weekend. He's having a tough time deciding because both are equally appealing options. This is indicative of a(n) __________ conflict.
diseases of adaptation
Maureen has been under continuing stress, and she is exhausted. This continued stress could lead to
concepts
Mental categories used to class together objects, relations, events, abstractions or qualities that have common properties are called
concepts.
Mental categories used to class together objects, relations, events, abstractions or qualities that have common properties are called
semantic code
Mimi is memorizing the Bill of Rights in relation to the legal cases in support of the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. She is most likely to apply a(n)
recall.
Nonsense syllables are sometimes arranged as paired associates, such that the first item serves as a stimulus to cue the second item. The memory task is
priming.
Once we have learned the multiplication tables the recall of 6 times 6 is relatively automatic due to
a failure to establish memories after the injury, but a preservation of memories prior to the injury.
One of the symptoms of anterograde amnesia is
all of these
People who are self-confident are
both semantic and acoustic encoding.
Peter, a participant in a paired associates learning experiment, noted that the pair GAQ-KET sounded like racquet and that TUV-LAH sounded like tough luck. When GAQ and TUV were presented he came up with KET and LAH respectively. In linking the pairs, Peter used
internal; external
Psychological hardiness is to _________ locus of control as helplessness is to _________ locus of control
approach-withdrawal
Psychologists often classify conflict into 4 types. Which of the following is NOT one of those types?
drive reduction theory.
Psychologists who theorize the existence of stimulus motives disagree with
There are 12 basic human instincts.
Research regarding human instincts agrees with all of the following EXCEPT:
self-efficacy expectations
Researchers have found that __________ is/are related to alcohol abuse in Native Americans.
approach-approach conflict
Sam wants to be a clinical psychologist. He has been accepted at two different graduate schools. Both schools are equally prestigious and would provide him with an outstanding education. He must choose to attend one of the schools. Psychologists would call this type of conflict an
encoding failure.
Sofia is taking a chemistry exam. She has not studied conscientiously, and the meanings of the chemical suffixes seem to be confusing. Sofia's difficulty in remembering is most probably due to
elaborative rehearsal.
Some language arts teachers like to say, "Another language, another soul." The implication in this romantic aphorism is that learning another language in depth allows the student to develop a second personality. Achieving in-depth competence in remembering a second language is most likely through
incomplete or imperfect learning.
Some of the participants in the Brown and McNeil TOT experiments proved to be very good at estimating the number of syllables in words they could not recall. The students often correctly guessed the initial sounds of the words. This finding seems to reflect
IQ
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale yields a score called
levels-of-processing
The __________ model of memory proposes that memory consists of a single dimension that varies in depth.
limited
The appearance of new information in short-term memory displacing the old information suggests that STM store is
a period of consolidation
The clinical effects of head trauma suggest that the transfer of information from short- to long-term memory may require
relearning.
The concept of "method of savings" was developed by Ebbinghaus to study the efficiency of
encoding, storage, and retrieval.
The correct order of events in memory processing is
arguable.
The evidence for the popular idea that all of our experiences are in permanent long-term storage is
stomach contractions
The experience of hunger pangs or __________, while obvious to the person, are not the primary bodily signals for the regulation of hunger.
saccadic eye movements.
The eyes fixate from point to point several times each second. This is called
can trigger specific emotional responses.
The facial-feedback hypothesis argues that specific facial expressions
Clark Hull.
The individual responsible for describing the drive-reduction theory was
Louis Terman
The individual who revised the Binet-Simon scale into an English version, which became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was __________.
leaning new information interferes with your memory of old information.
The memory problem called retroactive interference happens when
recognition.
The memory task for most of the items in a multiple-choice test, such as the one you are taking, is
both a and b
The memory that enables one to hold information for a limited time in one's mind is called
recall
The paired associates task is used to measure the ______ memory task.
both a and b
The process by which new information displaces older information in short-term memory could explain why
encoding
The process of changing information so that we can place it in memory is called
Echoic memory
The sensory register that holds the mental representations of sounds is called
echoic memory.
The sensory register that holds the mental representations of sounds is called
semanticity
The sounds of a language convey meaning; words serve as symbols for actions, objects, and relational concepts. The property of language that carries meaning is
semanticity.
The sounds of a language convey meaning; words serve as symbols for actions, objects, and relational concepts. The property of language that carries meaning is
sensory
The stage of memory that first encounters stimuli is called
it consists of only two chunks of information that are meaningfully related to his business.
The telephone number of Brad's financial services firm is CALL-IRA. He felt this number would be an easy one for his clients to remember because
a mental set
The tendency to solve new problems with an approach that solved a similar problem in the past is called
a mental set.
The tendency to solve new problems with an approach that solved a similar problem in the past is called
seven
The typical maximum number of chunks of information that can be held in short-term memory is
depresses; activates
The ventromedial hypothalamus ________ hunger while the lateral hypothalamus _________ hunger.
flashbulb memory.
The vivid, detailed recollection of what you were doing when you learned about an emotionally arousing event, like the attacks of September 11, 2001, is called
schemas.
The way in which we conceptualize our worlds, our beliefs, and our expectations are built around cognitive structures called
episodic memory.
Tim can remember what he had for lunch yesterday. This is an example of a(n)
iconic; echoic
Visual images are to __________ memory as auditory images are to __________ memory.
iconic memory
What causes the flow of visual information to seem smooth and continuous?
all of these
What is meant by the word "deeply" in the statement, "Memories tend to endure when information is processed deeply?"
holophrases.
When a toddler utters "baba," it may mean, "I want my bottle," or "Where is my bottle?" or "I'm hungry." Such utterances are called
activating event, belief, consequence
Which of the following are the components of Ellis's approach (in the correct order)?
Emotions are not caused by events but are the result of beliefs.
Which of the following best describes the beliefs of Albert Ellis?
sensory code
Which of the following is NOT a psychological format that can be used to transform information to be encoded?
knowledge-based tasks
Which of the following is NOT a type of prospective memory?
both b and c
Which of the following is a physiological factor contributing to infantile amnesia?
how to swim
Which of the following is most likely to remain firmly embedded in your memory over the decades?
all of these
Which of the following statements is true regarding Freud's concept of repression?
saccadic eye movements and sensory memory
While Tanya is visiting the pet store she looks down an aisle and catches a glimpse of an animal that suddenly darts across the aisle. Which of the following enable the conscious registering of the animal's movement?
elaborative rehearsal.
While studying for an astronomy exam, Haley realizes that the swirling motion of the cream he has just poured into his coffee is similar to the motion of the solar nebula described in his textbook. This comparison helps him to remember the term for the phenomenon and represents an example of
systematic random search
You can't remember the last number in your best friend's telephone number. You need to reach him/her, so you decide to keep trying different numbers until you find the right one. This method is called
Yes, Grandma was correct, research has shown that humor can moderate the effects of stress
Your friend Suki's grandmother has always told her that happier people experience less stress. Since she knows that you are taking a psychology course, she asks you whether or not psychologists would agree with her grandmother. Which of the following would you be most likely to tell her?
tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon.
Zelda is trying to remember the name of the actor who played the lead in the film Titanic. She recalls the actor's appearance and what his name sounds like but just cannot come up with his name. Zelda is experiencing
Deprivation
__________ will lead to higher or greater levels of drive.
Storage
___________ means maintaining information over time.
stress
____________ is a demand made on an organism to adapt, cope or adjust.
strengthen
evan is involved in a program with coping skills training and relaxation training. He can expect his immune function to