Psychlearn9 - between groups and within group research design

An experimental manipulation is typically used:

to determine causation.

A within-group design helps to eliminate confounds found in a between-groups research design by:

using the same participants for each level of the independent variable.

Which question seeks to forecast a change in the dependent variable?

Does loneliness predict minutes spent watching television?

A researcher asked the research question, "Does exam performance vary based on the format of the exam's questions?" In this example, the dependent variable is:

exam performance.

In order to measure the influence of music on memory, a researcher randomly assigned participants to either listen to classical music in the background while reading a passage from a novel or to have no music in the background while reading the passage. All participants then completed a memory test. The group that listened to classical music is the

experimental group.

When the result of a multiple factor design indicates that the effect of one independent variable depends on the effect of the other independent variable it is called a(n):

interaction.

When investigating how two independent variables affect a dependent variable, a difference between the levels of one of the independent variables is referred to as a(n):

main effect.

A within-group research design always includes:

repeated measures.

A researcher analyzed a data set of measured variables and concluded that hours in the sunshine predicts an individual's optimistic outlook. This is a _____ design.

simple regression

All between-groups research designs include

some form of random assignment. An experimental group and a control group.

A researcher measured the difference in attitudes toward a new product between participants who watched a funny commercial compared to those who watched an informative commercial. In this study, the independent variable was:

the type of commercial.

What is counterbalancing?

Administering multiple orders of the experimental conditions across research participants or groups.

A researcher plans to study how participants' attitudes are influenced by the type of celebrity used in commercials. The independent variable is type of celebrity with two levels: music industry and movie industry. Select any possible reasons that the researcher would use a within-group design.

Because the researcher has access to a limited number of participants, it is not possible to have more than one group To control for other variables, such as age, that may differ between participants and influence the dependent variable.

For factorial designs, which of these pairings refer to the same thing?

Factor and Independent variable Level and Group

There is a likely relationship between daily temperature, ice cream sales, and the number of ice cream trucks in a neighborhood. _________ is the criterion variable.

Ice cream sales

A researcher is interested in determining whether a new formulation of rat diet leads to faster maze learning. However, the rats vary in girth and length, and the researcher wants to ensure that those factors do not bias the results. The researcher decides to pair each rat with another of similar girth and length, and then randomly assigns one rat from each pair to the treatment group (new formulation) and the other rat to the control group (old formulation). Which design did the researcher use?

Matched-pairs design

What is the appropriate analysis to use when there is one independent variable that is manipulated and one dependent variable that is measured?

Single-factor design

Select the appropriate interpretation of the data from a within-group research study with counterbalancing. Higher attractiveness ratings indicate a higher degree of attractiveness.

Symmetrical faces are more attractive than unsymmetrical faces.

Dr. Martin is investigating the influence of human social interactions versus computerized social interactions on mood and plans to use a within-group design. How can Dr. Martin detect an order effect?

Use counterbalancing to administer the conditions in different orders.

A researcher designs a within-group study with three conditions. She creates six groups with the following presentation orders: ABC, CBA, BAC, ACB, BCA, and CAB. What type of counterbalancing is the researcher using?

Full counterbalancing because every order of conditions is represented.

Which of these design configurations is not considered a multiple factor analysis?

2 X 1 1 X 3

A researcher measured a dog's memory for food location based on the type of treat hidden (low value treat, mid-value treat, or high value treat). How many levels of the independent variable are used in this research design?

3

How is a longitudinal study different from a typical within-group research design?

A longitudinal study looks for change over time.

A researcher found that self-esteem is predicted by minutes spent on social media. __________ is the predictor.

Minutes spent on social media

The appropriate analysis to use when one independent variable is between-groups and a second is within-group is the __________ design?.

Mixed-factor

What is the appropriate analysis to use when there are two independent variables that are measured and one dependent variable that is measured?

Multiple-regression design

Select the test(s) used in a single factor design with one independent variable and three levels.

Omnibus Post hoc

A researcher wants to study the influence of six different types of vitamin supplements on the perceived energy levels of participants. If designing a within-group research study, why might the researcher choose to use partial counterbalancing instead of full counterbalancing?

Partial counterbalancing would be easier to implement because it would only require six groups of participants, whereas full counterbalancing would require 720 groups of participants.

Experimenters want to know whether playing violent video games in a laboratory setting will affect people's willingness to help during a staged accident that occurs in the laboratory after participants have played the violent video game. Which design is the better fit?

Posttest-only between-groups design

A new drug has been shown to be effective for treating depression, and now researchers want to know how this drug's effectiveness compares to the effectiveness of an antidepressant drug currently on the market. The researchers are particularly interested in learning the extent to which both drugs decrease depression relative to each other. That is, does one drug produce a greater change—in this case, a reduction—in depressive symptoms than the other? Which design is the better fit?

Pretest-posttest between-groups design