Psycho chapter 8-15

Which individual is MOST apt to be in Erickson's ego identity versus role confusión stage?

15-year-old Stuart

The first asylums for the mentally ill were founded during the _________century.

16th

Deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill began in the:

1950 s

When one is attempting to lose weight,one should exercise for a minimum of _____minutes each weekday

30

Heritability of homosexuality is about _______% for men and _____% for women .

34-39 ; 18-19

About _________% of America will exhibit symptoms that meet the criteria of a psychological disorder at some point.

50

After being infected with HIV ,an individual may continue to test negative for virus for up to ____ months

6

How many people in the United States report that they consider themselves to be transgender?

700,000

Motivation is defined as

A stimulus that directs behavior, thought, and emotion.

Compulsion is to _______ as __________ is to thought

Action; obsession

The HPA system, which stands for hypothalamic-pituitary- ___________,oversees the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress.

Adrenal

Attitudes are:

Affective, cognitive,and behavioral.

The therapeutic alliance does NOT include:

Agreeableness

An approach-avoidance conflict involves :

An option or situation with both appealing and unappealing characteristics.

Testes are to ovaries as _________is to _______.

Androgen ;estrogen

A person who regularly engages in criminal behaviors is probably MOST likely to be diagnosed with _________ personality disorder

Antisocial

According to the ________ theory of motivation,people seek an optimal level of stimulation.

Arousal

Ashlee is not sexually attracted to either men or women. Her sexual orientation would be described as :

Asexual

social cognition includes the study of :

Attributions and attitudes

Which of Baumrind's parenting style is associated with the BEST developmental outcome for children?

Authoritative

_______ emotions are expressed simultaneously similarly in different cultures

Basic

Dr. Charleston is teaching a class on personality is largely shaped through interactions with the environment, specifically through learning.

Behavioral

_______ personality theories as series assert that personality is largely shaped through interactions with the environment,specifically through learning.

Behavioral

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion:

Bodily responses to a stimulus generate emotional experiences

Sex hormones are produced

By both the gonads and the adrenal glands

The _____theory of emotion states that the physiological and emotional responses to a stimulus occur simultaneously

Cannon-Bard

According to ________, conditions of worth hamper a person's self -development.

Carl Rogers

According to ________, parents and caregivers should provide children with _________or complete acceptance, regardless of their behavior.

Carl Rogers ; unconditional positive regard.

An instinct is a:

Complex behavior that is fixed, unlearned ,and universal to a species.

James is reliable, punctual,and ambitious. Javon is emotional,moody , and anxious. James probably scores high on the Big Five dimension of __________, whereas Javon likely scores high on ________.

Conscientiousness ;neuroticism

Five-year- old twins Keith and Kevin each have 4 ounces of juice in their glasses . Keith's glass is tall and narrow,whereas Kevin's is short and wider . Kevin complains that Keith has more juice , revealing his lack of :

Conservation

Walter and Iris have been happily married for 40 years , and the passion has barely waned .They are experiencing Sternberg's ________ love .

Consumate

Jacob is nearly 3months old. He is MOST likely in the _______ stage of language development.

Cooing

Communication skills and conflict management are key topic is ________therapy .

Couples

Bryan is tense ,worried,and socially inhibited. He finds it's difficult to express negative emotion and ,as such , avoids confrontations. Bryan has a typical type ______ personality.

D

Chromosomes are composed of ______, which is /are composed of _____

DNA; genes

Fluid intelligence _______ with age .Crystallized intelligence ________ with age .

Declines ;does not decline

Which defense mechanism involves a refusal to accept a distressing reality ?

Denial

The "3Ds" of psychological abnormality do NOT include:

Depression

Recall the general categories of sexual problems identified in the textbook. Women are more likely than are men to experience problems with ______ and _______ .

Desire; pain

Dissociative disorders entail:

Disturbance in memory , consciousness, identity , perception, or motor control

During an infant's first year, brain size:

Doubles

Mrs. Janssen is pregnant. Her baby's limbs and ears have just started to form. The baby is in the __________ stage of prenatal development

Embryonic

A psychological state that influences a subjective experience,a physiological component ,and a behavior expression is a(n) :

Emotion

When bad things happen to him ,Jose lists all the good things in his life for which he is thankful .joe's practice exemplifies _________ coping .

Emotion-focused

Eysenck's three personality dimensions are:

Extraversion , neuroticism, and psychoticism.

Money is an example of an _________ motivator

Extrinsic

Which statement is TRUE?

Family therapy treats the family as an integrated system

The second and third trimester of pregnancy (which include weeks 12 through birth) occur entirely within the _________ period of prenatal development

Fetal

The activity of our ______ response to stressful situations is the result of a coordinated effort of the sympathetic neurons system and endocrine system.

Fight or flight.

People frequently fail to consider the influence of external circumstances on others' behavior.This is called the :

Fundamental attribution error

The ______ period of prenatal development begins at conception

Germinal

Irene hears voice inside her head . She believes they are the voices of NSA officials attempting to monitor and record her thoughts. These two senses illustrate a _______ and a ________.

Hallucination ; delusion

Which individual in notes for having proposed the general adaptation syndrome ,a model of how the human body topically responds to stress ?

Hans Selye

Norah wants her Facebook profile to accurately reflect her personality.Based on research reviewed in the textbook, Norah should pay careful attention to:

Her profile picture

The textbook refers to the nature-versus-nurture issues as debate regarding:

Heredity and the environment.

In late adulthood,this brain region is linked to memory decline;however, physical exercise can encourage the growth of new neurons in the :

Hippocampus

In the United States, the MOST common sexually transmitted infection is :

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

Dr. Barlow states that most people wish to become better human being and that today's problems are more important than the experiences of the past. Dr. Barlow's beliefs are MOST consistent with _______ therapy.

Humanistic

Dr. Charleston is teaching a class on personality theory , and she emphasizes the idea that people are innately good and control their own destinies . DR Charleston is teaching from a(n) ________ perspective of personality

Humanistic

Which choice is NOT among the general categories of sexual difficulties outlined in the textbook?

Identity

As young people move from adolescence to emerging adulthood,they move from the search for ________ to search for __________.

Identity ; intimacy

Heightened cortisol levels _______ working memory ______ vigilance.

Impair ; but increase

Which hormone is CORRECTLY labeled as either a hunger signal or satiety signal?

Insulin-hunger

Ideally, elderly adults believe that their lives have had meaning and purpose. That is ,they feel a sense of :

Integrity

Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love is based on the dimensions of :

Intimacy ,passion ,and attractiveness

Which statement is NOT a part of the definition of personality?

It is based almost entirely on biology and genetics

According to Freud's theory ,there is a little psychosexual conflict during the ______ phase of development.

Latency

Carmen is 4.Her sister Lisa is 8 . Which pairing matches a sister with the CORRECT stage of psychosexual development?

Lisa - latency period .

The term ________ refers to one's generalized beliefs about where responsibility for outcomes resides .

Locus of control

Laney is investigating early language acquisition. She selects a group of 6-month-old babies, and then assessed them eatery 3months until they are 2 years old. Laney is using a _______ research

Longitudinal

The _________ is the MOST frequently used _______ test of personality

MMPI-2-RF; objective

Changes in weight or appetite, feelings of guilt , and a lack of energy are symptomatic of ______ disorder

Major depressive

______ homosexuality may be associated with a set of genes on the _____ chromosome.

Male ;X

Bipolar I disorder is to bipolar II disorder as ______ is to _____.

Mania ; hypomania

Critical periods provide evidence that development

May occur in stages

New things tend to " grow on " a person . That is , one likes them more when one has become accustomed to them . This phenomenon is due to the _______ effect.

Mere- exposure.

People after conform to gain approval. The phenomenon is known as ______ social influences .

Normative

After 21 psychotherapy sessions , __________ of all clients show substantial improvement

One half

Therapeutic effectiveness is assessed empirically using __________research

Outcome

Children of _______parents tend to lack self-control ,act impulsively ,and show no respect for boundaries.

Permissive

_______needs from the bottom -the foundation-of Maslow's pyramid . The are the needs that must be satisfied FIRST.

Physiological

A teen celebrity gains notoriety for such high-risk behavior as street racing and recreational drug use. Adolescents' tendency to engage in such behavior reflects the fact that the development of the brain's _______ is not complete until after adolescence

Prefrontal cortex

Attitude is to behavior as __________ is to ______.

Prejudice ; discrimination

The first stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is the _______ stage . The final stage in the theory is the ____________ operational stage

Preoperational ; formal

When one evaluates and situation to determine if it is irrelevant,positive ,challenging,or harmful ,one is making a (n) _________ appraisal .

Primary

One is more likely to fall for the girl or boy "around the corner," rather than the girl or boy across town. This example supports the role of _________ in interpersonal attraction.

Proximity

On the list of leading cause of adult disability for those aged 15 to 44 , major depressive disorder is :

Ranked first

Bandera asserted that cognition,behavior, and the environment all influence each other. He used the phrase "__________ determinism" to refer to this interplay

Reciprocal

_________ activity of the neurotransmitter _______ seems to play a role in obsessive- compulsive disorder.

Reduced ; serotonin

Groups often make decision that are less conservative and more extreme than individuals working alone . This statement makes reference to the phenomena of :

Risky shift and group polarization

Joan wishes she were more flexible and spontaneous.According to _______, these traits are part of Joan's ________.

Rogers;ideal self

The ________is the MOST well -known _______test of personality.

Rorschach; projective

Self- concept is to _______ as _______ is to Maslow

Rotgers; self-actualization

Major depressive disorder is usually treated with:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Jenna is a runner. She is entirely confident that with sufficient dedication she can meet her athletic goals . In Bandura's terms ,Jenna has high:

Self-efficacy.

Preconventional moral reasoning is to conventional moral reasoning as ___________is to __________.

Self-interest ; social relationships

Aggression in linked to low levels of the neurotransmitters:

Serotonin

With respect to the neurotransmitters associated with psychological disorders, __________ is to major depressive disorder as __________ is to schizophrenia

Serotonin ; dopamine

The study of human cognition,emotion, and behavior in relation to others is called:

Social psychology

With respect to personality theories, Bandura is to _________ theory as ________ is humanistic theory

Social_ cognitive; Maslow.

Raymond Cattell made a basic distinction between _________ and ________traits.

Source; surface

The MOST prevalent anxiety disorder is :

Specific phobia

A(n) _________ is a negative attitude or opinion about a group of individuals based on a characteristic they share , such as a psychological disorder.

Stigma

According to the ________ hypothesis, __________.

Stress inoculation ;moderate stress can be beneficial

The term "__________" refers to a specific stimulus, whereas the term " _______" refers to an individual's response to it

Stressor;stress

_________entails a combination of exposure therapy,progressive muscle relaxation, and an anxiety hierarchy

Systematic desensitization

According to LeDoux, the direct emotional processing pathway includes the _________ and the ________.

Thalamus; amygdala

The tendency for people to avoid helping in an emergency is called :

The bystander effect

The brain becomes fully mature by :

The early to mid -twenties

Which model of the understanding personality emphasizes looking at specific characteristics of an individual in order to describe their personality and to predict behavior?

The trait approach

Enrique is telling a story about the couple pictured on a card. Enrique is MOST likely taking the:

Thematic Apperception Test

Conformity is reduced when :

There is at least one person who goes againts the group

Billie is 2 months old. In. Erickson's theory , Billie is in the _______ stage .

Trust versus mistrust

According to Freud, it is extremely difficult to become aware of the contents of the ________ mind.

Unconscious

Trait theories of personality

Underestimate environmental influence on personality

The positive,pleasant nature of happiness or negative,unpleasant nature of fear are their :

Valence

An individual's _______ is observable in his or her ________.

genotype ;phenotype

developmental psychology investigates:

physical,cognitive,and socio emotional changes across the life span.

The ABC model is a feature of _______ therapy, developed by _________.

rational-emotive behavior ;Albert Ellis