Psychology 100 Quizzes
Sarah is solving an algebra problem. She completes it by following a step by step process that lead her to the correct answer. Sarah has used a(n): a. algorithm b. phoneme c. prototype d. heuristic
a. algorithm
Clive cannot remember anything from the time he suffered an infection in his brain. In fact, he only remembers the past 20-30 seconds of so, and then forgets anything that happened after that time has passed. Clive is suffering from_____ amnesia. a. anterograde b. retrograde c. primacy d. recency
a. anterograde
Ross loves Emily and hates Susan. When he sees that Susan and Emily like each other, he feels uncomfortable. This response is predicted by: a. balance theory b. cognitive dissonance theory c. the door-in-the-face technique d. the elaboration likelihood model
a. balance theory
Sigmund Freud developed ________________ and John Watson developed _______________. a. behaviorism; psychoanalysis b. psychoanalysis; behaviorism c. structuralism; functionalism d. functionalism; structuralism
b. psychoanalysis; behaviorism
Unconscious conflict plays a strong role in creating personality. This statement arises out of theory in the ________ tradition of personality research. a. trait b. psychodynamic c. cognitive-behavioral d. humanistic
b. psychodynamic
System 1 thinking is best described as: a. slow, analytical thought b. quick, intuitive thought c. used only by novices d. used only by experts
b. quick, intuitive thought
Women are more susceptible to which disorder? a. anti-social personality disorder b. bipolar disorder c. schizophrenia d. depression
d. depression
When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of: a. content validity b. heritability c. predictive validity d. reliability
d. reliability
"When you feel an emotion, it is directly perceived...you don't need to interpret your physiological arousal in any way." This statement most closely fits with the ____________ theory. a. Cannon-Bard b. Schachter-Singer c. James-Lange d. facial feedback
a. Cannon-Bard
In the late 1960s, experiments indicated that rats could learn to slow their heartbeat if given pleasurable brain stimulation when their heartbeat decreased. This research most clearly demonstrated the potential utility of: a. biofeedback b. spontaneous remission c. acupuncture therapy d. the placebo effect
a. biofeedback
Harry and Margaret Harlow's research on attachment (conducted w/ young monkeys) demonstrated the importance of: a. contact comfort b. feeding c. drive reduction d. eye contact
a. contact comfort
Split brain patients have allowed for the study of hemispheric specialization. These patients have had the ________ severed in an attempt to treat their _____________. a. corpus callosum; epilepsy b. corpus callosum; Parkinson's syndrome c. hippocampus; epilepsy d. hippocampus; Parkinson's syndrome
a. corpus callosum; epilepsy
Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by a. disrupting REM sleep b. decreasing sleep apnea c. increasing anxiety d. increasing self-consciousness
a. disrupting REM sleep
Students are more likely to choose a condom that is said to be effective when informed that is has a 95 percent success rather than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. The best illustrates the impact a. framing b. confirmation c. functional fixedness d. the representativeness heuristic
a. framing
The part of the brain most closely connected with physiological motivations (i.e., hunger, thirst, sex) is the: a. hypothalamus b. hippocampus c. cerebellum d. thalamus
a. hypothalamus
Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between: a. implicit memory and explicit memory b. recognition and recall c. proactive interference and retroactive interference d. short term memory and long term memory
a. implicit memory and explicit memory
Sexual selection refers to the idea that those traits that: a. increase the likelihood of successful mating will become more prevalent in the species b. increase the likelihood of survival will become more prevalent in the species c. decrease the likelihood of survival will become less prevalent in the species d. all of the above
a. increase the likelihood of successful mating will become more prevalent in the species
An experiment is designed to study how temperature influences aggression. The researcher has people come in to his lab, some when the room temperature is 85, and some when the room temperature is 72. He then measures how aggressive they are. In this study, the temperature is the ______ variable, and the aggression is the _______ variable. a. independent; dependent b. dependent; independent c. dependent; confounding d. control; dependent
a. independent; dependent
This type of motivation is associated with a 'flow' experience. a. intrinsic b. extrinsic c. safety d. esteem
a. intrinsic
Realistic group conflict and social identity theory are both _______ explanations for the origin of prejudice. a. motivational b. discredited c. learning d. cognitive
a. motivational
The term "survival of the fittest" is a common way to describe: a. natural selection b. sexual selection c. collectivism d. individualism
a. natural selection
Memories uncovered during hypnosis are: a. notoriously unreliable b. almost always accurate c. rare... people don't report memories when hypnotized d. accurate for those over 3 years old
a. notoriously unreliable
The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates: a. perceptual constancy b. interposition c. convergence d. the phi phenomenon
a. perceptual constancy
The development of symbolic thought is a characteristic of the _____ stage of development. a. pre-operational b. sensori-motor c. formal operation d. concrete operational
a. pre-operational
When you are faced with the stress of an upcoming exam, you feel that it is a challenge for you to perform to your ability, and you deal with it by studying extensively for the exam. In technical terms, thinking of the exam as a challenge is a _________ and studying is a _____ coping strategy. a. primary appraisal; problem-focused b. primary appraisal; emotion-focused c. secondary appraisal; problem-focused d. secondary appraisal; emotion-focused
a. primary appraisal; problem-focused
According to Elizabeth Loftus, after people observe an event, later information about the event-whether it's true or not-becomes into the fabric of their memory. Based on this, Loftus proposed a theory of a. reconstructive memory b. encoding specificity c. hindsight bias d. semantic networks
a. reconstructive memory
Which of the following would be a binocular cue to depth perception? a. retinal disparity b. linear perspective c. relative height d. interposition
a. retinal disparity
_______ are better at sensing dim light, ______ are better at sensing colors. a. rods; cones b. cones; rods c. corneas; retinas d. retinas; corneas
a. rods; cones
According to the facial feedback hypothesis, facial expressions activate emotion through a process of _________________. a. self-perception b. social comparison c. cognitive appraisal d. misattribution
a. self-perception
Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of: a. semantic encoding b. the spacing effect c. implicit memory d. the peg word system
a. semantic encoding
A discriminative stimulus is something that: a. signals when reinforcement is available b. delays the onset of punishment c. works only in variable ratio reinforcement d. none of the above
a. signals when reinforcement is available
Jason wanted to hit his younger brother but feelings of guilt kept him from doing so. His internalization of right and wrong comes from his a. superego b. id c. identity d. ego
a. superego
The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural ________ level is _______. a. testosterone; lowered b. testosterone; raised c. PYY; lowered d. PYY; raised
a. testosterone; lowered
Living in a "carpentered world" with right angles, corners, and hard edges, may contribute to" a. the Muller-Lyer illusion b. the moon illusion c. texture gradient d. perceptual sets
a. the Muller-Lyer illusion
Based on animal research, which of the following would be expected to occur if the ventro-medial hypothalamus was lesioned (destroyed)? a. the animal would start eating and never stop b. the animal would stop eating and never start c. the animal's blood sugar would increase d. the animal's blood sugar would decrease
a. the animal would start eating and never stop
"The more easily I can bring something to mind, the more of them there must be." This reasoning is key to: a. the availability heuristic b. the representativeness heuristic c. the simulation heuristic d. the anchor in and adjustment heuristic
a. the availability heuristic
This is the part of the inner ear that contains fluid and hair cells that help us to hear. a. the cochlea b. the hammer c. the anvil d. the eardrum
a. the cochlea
The sexual response cycle for men and women proceeds __________, and the order is ___________. a. the same way; excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution b. the same way; excitement, resolution, orgasm, plateau c. differently; excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution for men and excitement, resolution, orgasm, plateau for women d. differently; excitement, resolution, orgasm, plateau for men and excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution for women
a. the same way; excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
In which of the following cases would a split brain patient be able to tell you what they sensed if you asked them to simply use speech to tell you? a. they picked up a pencil with their right hand b. they had a word flashed in their left visual field c. they heard a word spoken, but only in their left ear d. they would be able to tell you in all of the above examples
a. they picked up a pencil with their right hand
Evolutionary psychologists might suggest that women are more hesitant to engage in casual sex b/c of: a. women's greater biological investment b. society teaching them to be ashamed of their sexuality c. fear of social repercussions if it becomes known that they are sexually active d. none of the above
a. women's greater biological investment
You have volunteered for a psychology experiment. During the experiment, the experimenter turns on a blue light, and then gives you some hot, hot sauce to eat. You start sweating when you eat it. After a few trials, you begin to sweat as soon as you see the blue light. The blue light is the ______ and the hot sauce is the _______. a. US; UR b. CS; US c. CS; CR d. US; CS
b. CS; US
Which of the following people falsified his data on intelligence? a. Alfred Binet b. Cyril Burt c. Paul Broca d. Howard Gardiner
b. Cyril burt
Excitation transfer theory is an offshoot of which theory of emotion? a. relative deprivation theory b. Schachter-Singer two-factory theory c. Cannon-Bard Theory d. James-Lange Theory
b. Schacter-Singer two-factor theory
The Rorschach inkblot test is: a. an objective test b. a projective test c. a longitudinal test d. similar to the NEO-PI-R
b. a projective test
Which of the following would be an example of natural selection? a. male deer have antlers b/c those w/ antlers were more successful in driving off rivals and were therefore more likely to mate b. a species living in the cold weather develops thick fur b/c those animals who happen to have genes leading to thick fur are more likely to survive c. species adapt towards a desirable endpoint of evolution d. all of the above
b. a species living in the cold weather develops thick fur b/c those animals who happen to have genes leading to thick fur are more likely to survive
Ellen tends to believe that she has very little control over the events in her life. In other words, Ellen is: a. an internal b. an external c. fixated in the phallic stage d. fixated in the anal stage
b. an external
John shows no concern for others, lies frequently, and feels no guilt if his actions harm someone else. It seems as though John may suffer from ____________ personality disorder. a. histrionic b. anti-social c. borderline d. narcissistic
b. anti-social
The example described in class (and in the book) regarding the height of plants grown in different soil was used to demonstrate the idea that: a. when genes play a large role in a given trait, the outcome can't be changed b. between group variability may be due to the environment, even if within group variability is due to genes c. the role of genetics in determining most traits is virtually nonexistent d. the environment always overwhelms the influence of genes
b. between group variability may be due to the environment, even if within group variability is due to genes
Lithium is commonly used to treat: a. bipolar disorder b. schizophrenia c. depression d. anti-social personality disorder
b. bipolar disorder
If a drug causes more serotonin to be available in the synapse, the general effect will be to: a. cause a reduction in the symptoms of Parkinson's syndrome b. cause improved mood c. cause a reduction in the symptoms of Schizophrenia d. cause a feeling of being wide awake and active
b. cause improved mood
The traditional way to calculate IQ was to divide ____________ by ____________, and multiply by 100. a. mental age; chronological age b. chronological age; mental age c. mental age; heritability d. heritability; mental age
b. chronological age; mental age
The concept of locus of control arises from the ________ perspective of personality. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive-social learning c. humanistic d. trait
b. cognitive-social learning
According to Sternberg's model of 3 intelligences, "reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas best describes ________ intelligence. a. analytical b. creative c. practical d. verbal
b. creative
The secretion of PYY _________ hunger and the secretion of orexin ________ hunger. a. increases; decreases b. decreases; increases c. increases; increases d. decreases; decreases
b. decreases; increases
In the movie clips from 'Primal Fear' shown in class, Edward Norton's character displays symptoms of ___________, but it is more likely that he suffers from ____________. a. anti-social personality disorder; dissociative identity disorder b. dissociative identity disorder; anti-social personality disorder c. schizophrenia; anti-social personality disorder d. schizophrenia; dissociative identity disorder
b. dissociative identity disorder; anti-social personality disorder
Which of these neurotransmitter systems is involved in the development of schizophrenia? a. acetylcholine b. dopamine c. endorphins d. serotonin
b. dopamine
The activation-synthesis theory provides a physiological explanation for: a. hypnosis b. dreaming c. sleep apnea d. narcolepsy
b. dreaming
According to the video, men are slightly more adept than women at what type of emotional skill? a. emotional expression b. emotional regulation c. emotional detection d. men are not more adept at any emotional task
b. emotional regulation
Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 25,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a _______ schedule of reinforcement. a. fixed interval b. fixed ratio c. variable-interval d. variable-ratio
b. fixed-ratio
The most immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of: a. identify b. food consumption c. visual development d. object permanence
b. food consumption
Emotions are either positive or negative...they are not neutral. This statement is another way of saying which of the following aspects of emotion? a. are transitory b. have valence c. feel like they "just happen" d. all of the above
b. have valence
The extent to which differences in intelligence among a group of people are attributable to genetic factors is known as the ______ of intelligence. a. neural plasticity b. heritability c. g-factor d. predictive validity
b. heritability
Angoff (1988) suggests that although intelligence may be passed along biologically (to some extent), that does not mean that it is fixed. In other words, IQ might have high ______ but still be _______. a. importance, hard to measure b. heritability, changeable c. stability, a product of the environment d. variability, constant throughout life
b. heritability, changeable
The ______ is necessary for the formation of new memories: a. thalamus b. hippocampus c. amygdala d. hypothalamus
b. hippocampus
When Tim enters the latency stage of the psychosexual stages of development: a. he begins to search for an adult sexual partner b. his sexual urges are suppressed until puberty c. he becomes obsessed with his genitals d. toilet training usually occurs
b. his sexual urges are suppressed until puberty
The concept of a set point is relevant to understanding the experience of: a. hunger b. sexual motivation c. achievement motivation d. the need to belong
b. hunger
Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport b/c it failed to resemble his ____ of a sport. a. phoneme b. prototype c. algorithm d. heuristic
b. prototype
When an organism is placed on a partial schedule of reinforcement (like a variable-ratio schedule, for example) extinction of the reinforced behavior becomes: a. easier b. more difficult c. impossible d. dependent on the organism's intelligence
b. more difficult
Which of the following sleep disorders involved falling asleep uncontrollably at various times during the day? a. night terrors b. narcolepsy c. insomnia d. sleep apnea
b. narcolepsy
Someone walking across campus when it starts to rain opens their umbrella and immediately stops getting wet. They begin to carry their umbrella around on any day it appears that it might rain. This situation is best described as one of: a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. classical conditioning
b. negative reinforcement
We sometimes conform with the behavior of others because we don't want to suffer a drop in social approval from others. In other words, we are being affected by this type of social influence: a. informational b. normative c. interpersonal d. intrapersonal
b. normative
Which of the following is considered to be an anxiety disorder? a. dissociative identity disorder b. obsessive compulsive disorder c. schizophrenia d. borderline personality disorder
b. obsessive compulsive disorder
People perceive an adult-chid pair as looking more alike when told that are parent and child. This best illustrates the impact of: a. relative luminance b. perceptual set c. shape constancy d. interdispostion
b. perceptual set
Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the____of their adopted children. a. moral values b. personality traits c. political attitudes d. religious beliefs
b. personality traits
Attribution theory is principally concerned with the: a. influence of the presence of others on performance b. process of explaining the causes of people's behavior c. process of forming impressions of others d. comparisons of ourselves with those around us
b. process of explaining the causes of people's behavior
Which of these needs are at the top of Maslow's pyramid in his hierarchy of needs theory (i.e., which need is only fulfilled if all other needs are fulfilled first)? a. basal metabolic rate b. self-actualization c. esteem d. belongingness
b. self-actualization
If you move your watchband up your wrist and inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates: a. Weber's law b. sensory adaptation c. accommodation d. parallel processing
b. sensory adaptation
The beautiful tail feathers of the peacock are the result of: a. natural selection b. sexual selection c. selective human breeding by humans d. genetic drift
b. sexual selection
A plane is descending from the sky for landing. Joe, who has never seen a plane before, looks up in the sky and exclaims, "Look at that object! It's growing bigger and bigger!" Joe is demonstrating a lack of_______. a. peripheral vision b. size constancy c. figure-and-ground d. closure
b. size constancy
Skinner showed that randomly putting food in the tray for a pigeon, based on nothing the pigeon was doing, could lead to the development of: a. spontaneous recovery b superstitious behavior c. latent learning d. cognitive maps
b. superstitious behavior
Stress may lead to more negative health outcomes because it: a. decreases the chances people will talk to other people b. suppresses immune system functioning c. decreases blood pressure d. creates Type-A people
b. suppresses immune system functioning
Which of the following would you NOT expect to see develop in the concrete operational stage of development? a. an increase in their ability to lie and deceive b. the ability to evaluate hypothetical situations w/out needing to physically test them c. being able to correctly provide answers on a liquid conservation task d. a definition of kindness that includes another person needing or wanting something
b. the ability to evaluate hypothetical situations w/out needing to physically test them
The effects of proximity on attraction might be explained by: a. attribution theory b. the mere exposure effect c. the bystander effect d. the availability heuristic
b. the mere exposure effect
When people diet, they can easily lose the first few pounds, but then have difficulty losing more weight. This is because after losing those first few pounds: a. their metabolism speeds up b. their metabolism slows down c. the lateral hypothalamus shuts down d. the ventromedial hypothalamus shuts down
b. their metabolism slows down
Dr. Jones believes that personality is determined predominantly by one's genes. In addition, she conducts research on the "Big 5" (or five factor) model of personality . Dr. Jones is most likely a proponent of the ____ approach to personality. a. psychodynamic b. trait c. cognitive-social learning d. humanistic
b. trait
______________ is associated with the ability to produce speech, and damage to this area leads to a loss of speech. a. the limbic system b. the frontal lobe c. Broca's area d. Wernicke's area
c. Broca's area
He developed the first paper and pencil measure of intelligence, designed to help identify ability in school children. a. Paul Broca b. Francis Galton c. Alfred Binet d. Howard Gardiner
c. Alfred Binet
The Flynn effect is the name for the finding that: a. IQ scores seem to be unrelated to social abilities b. IQ scores seem to be highly related to social abilities c. IQ scores are increasing over time d. IQ scores are decreasing over time
c. IQ scores are increasing over time
If a dim light increases by just a little bit, you can notice this change, but if a bright light increases by that same little bit, it is unnoticeable. This best illustrates: a. sensory interaction b. opponent process theory c. Weber's law d. the volley principle
c. Weber's law
The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates: a. sensory interaction b. the volley principle c. Weber's law d. opponent-process theory
c. Weber's law
A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of: a. bipolar disorder b. panic disorder c. a dissociative disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. a dissociative disorder
Using a strategy to solve a problem b/c the strategy has recently led you to solve several problems successfully can sometimes lead youth miss a simpler solution. This process is called: a. a mental model b. functional fixedness c. a mental set d. the confirmation bias
c. a mental set
Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a. generalized anxiety disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. a phobia d. hypochondriasis
c. a phobia
Intense fear of a specific thing would be indicative of: a. panic disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. a phobia d. bipolar disorder
c. a phobia
The research reviewed on whether catharsis works suggests that: a. after punching a punching bag, people became less aggressive b. after punching a punching bag, people showed no change in aggression c. after punching a punching bag, people became more aggressive d. catharsis works in pretty much the exact way proposed by Freud
c. after punching a punching bag, people became more aggressive
The General Adaptation Syndrome progresses as follows: a. resistance, alarm, exhaustion b. resistance, exhaustion, alarm c. alarm, resistance, exhaustion d. alarm, exhaustion, resistance
c. alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Common drug treatments for schizophrenia: a. lower brain levels of dopamine b. work for many, but not all patients c. can have negative side effects d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Genetic mutations: a. interfere w/ the occurrence of natural selection b. interfere w/ the occurrence of sexual selection c. are necessary for natural selection to occur d. none of the above
c. are necessary for natural selection to occur
False memories: a. are possible to create in the lab, but unlikely to occur in real life b. are impossible to create in the lab, but likely to occur in real life c. are possible to create in the lab, and likely to occur in real life d. are proposed as possible , but have not been demonstrated
c. are possible to create in the lab, and likely to occur in real life
The "strange situation" experimental technique is designed to help study and understand: a. conservation b. abstract thinking c. attachment d. depth perception
c. attachment
If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of the food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate or to the sound of the music you heard there. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by: a. intrinsic motivation b. conditioned reinforcers c. biological predispositions d. the law of effect
c. biological predispositions
According to Freud, if you had a dream about water, you may have unconsciously been dreaming about: a. sexual intercourse b. your parents c. birth d. death
c. birth
Luciano believes that the best way to get over the anger he feels toward his high school teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief best illustrates the: a. relative deprivation principle b. adaptation level phenomenon c. catharsis hypothesis d. guilty knowledge test
c. catharsis hypothesis
We each have 46________ made up of the DNA that contain instructions to make the building blocks of life. a. cells b. genes c. chromosomes d. nuclei
c. chromosomes
If you have a frightening experience immediately after hearing a strange sound, your fear may be aroused when you hear that sound again. This best illustrates: a. generalization b. spontaneous recovery c. classical conditioning d. the law of effect
c. classical conditioning
Events are stressful if they: a. are negative b. require adaptation and change c. are uncontrollable d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Whether we feel angry or depressed in response to a low exam grade depends on whether we attribute the poor grade to an unfair test or to our own lack of academic ability. This best illustrates that emotions are influenced by: a. physiological arousal b. relative deprivation c. cognitive appraisal d. genetic predispositions
c. cognitive appraisal
According to the lecture, a student failing an exam may be motivated to study more if they think that the failed exam was caused by a lack of preparation. This would show the impact of ___________ on motivation. a. biological factors b. emotional factors c. cognitive factors d. social factors
c. cognitive factors
You have a friend who is doing poorly in chemistry class. You find out that everyone taking the class is failing it, and you also know that your friend does well in her other chemistry classes, and that she also does well in other topics. In this example, the information that she does well in her other chemistry classes is what kind of information? a. distinctiveness b. consensus c. consistency d. balance
c. consistency
By inventing customs and passing them on to their peers and offspring, chimpanzees exhibits the rudiments of a. individualism b. temperament c. culture d. personal space
c. culture
Drugs that are successful in treating schizophrenia have the effect of ________ the amount of _________ in the brain. a. decreasing; serotonin b. increasing; serotonin c. decreasing; dopamine d. increasing; dopamine
c. decreasing; dopamine
Dr. Smith believes that people may be born with a predisposition toward schizophrenia, but that unless that person experiences significant stress in life they will not develop the disorder. This point of view best fits the _______ model of psychological disorders. a. biological b. socio-cultural c. diathesis-stress d. supernatural
c. diathesis-stress
Childhood abuse is thought to play a major role in the development of this disorder. a. depression b. phobias c. dissociative identity disorder d. bipolar disorder
c. dissociative identity disorder
Homeostasis is a concept important in which type of motivation theory? a. hierarchy of needs theory b. instinct needs theory c. drive reduction theory d. incentive theory
c. drive reduction theory
Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called: a. ACh agonists b. GABA c. endorphins d. dopamine
c. endorphins
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates a. the availability heuristic b. belief perseverance c. functional fixedness d. the effect of framing
c. functional fixedness
If you see an actor, and you feel surprised when he acts very differently than he does in one of his famous roles, you are likely experiencing the effects of: a. the false consensus effect b. self-handicapping c. the fundamental attribution error d. normative social influence
c. fundamental attribution error
On most traditional IQ tests, how well people do on vocabulary is closely related to how well they do on logic and spatial tests as well. This has been used to support the notion of: a. multiple intelligences b. the Flynn effect c. g-factor d. neural plasticity
c. g-factor
In the same experiment, in later trials the experimenter turns on a green light, but then does not follow it with the hot sauce. Initially, when you see the green light you start to sweat, but after a few times without getting the hot sauce, you don't begin to sweat when you see the green light. Initially, you experience______, but after a while you experienced,_______. a. blocking; overshadowing b. overshadowing; blocking c. generalization; discrimination d. discrimination; generalization
c. generalization; discrimination
Data from the "Minnesota twin studies" suggests that: a. many traits are influenced by genetics, but attitudes are not b. identical twins raised apart are not very similar in personality c. genes play a role in the development of a wide variety of personality traits d. heritability is a factor for the development of identical but not fraternal twins
c. genes play a role in the development of a wide variety of personality traits
According to Freud, which component of personality is present at birth? a. ego b. superego c. id d. oedipal
c. id
Which of the following pieces of evidence would suggest that men are more aggressive than women due to evolved factors? a. exposure to media violence increases levels of aggression b. higher levels of frustration are associate w/ higher levels of aggression c. increasing levels of testosterone lead to increasing levels of aggression d. boys are more likely than girls to be rewarded for aggressive behavior
c. increasing levels of testosterone lead to increasing levels of aggression
The "Moon Illusion" refers to our tendency to perceive the moon as unusually: a. bright when it is near the horizon b. bright when it is high in the sky c. large when it is near the horizon d. large when it is high in the sky
c. large when it is near the horizon
The Ponzo illusion occurs b/c of our reliance on this cue to depth perception: a. connectedness b. continuity c. linear perspective d. interposition
c. linear perspective
When Jane is dreaming, she is sometimes aware that she is dreaming and can control the content of her dreams. This is called: a. preconsciousness b. lucid dreaming c. manifest content d. latent content
c. lucid dreaming
A child who is told that they can re-read a passage if needed in order to find the answer to a question, yet does not, or a child who assumes that b/c they know what they are trying to explain then everyone else will too, are demonstrating failures in: a. attachment b. dendrite development c. metacognition d. conservation
c. metacognition
Joe is very prejudiced against almost all ethnic minorities. One reason for this, it seems, is that Joe feels that his group is losing out on resources to these other groups, and he therefore doesn't like them. This would be an example of a ______ theory of prejudice. a. learning b. contact c. motivational d. cognitive
c. motivational
Someone who is anxious, tense, and emotionally unstable; but is also not very efficient, not organized, and not reliable is high in ________ and low in ________. a. openness to experience; neuroticism b. conscientiousness; openness to experience c. neuroticism; conscientiousness d. neuroticism; openness to experience
c. neuroticism; conscientiousness
In the TedTalk shown in class, James Flynn argues that one reason for the increase in intelligence over time is that: a. people now have larger working memory capacity, which leads to higher IQ's b. the gene pool has changed dramatically over the past 100 years c. people have become more familiar with "taking the hypothetical seriously" d. all of the above
c. people have become more familiar with "taking the hypothetical seriously"
A commercial that changes your attitude in favor of the product by using a likeable, attractive communicator, but providing little information about the product, has changed your attitude via the ______________ route to persuasion. a. consensus b. central c. peripheral d. fundamental
c. peripheral
Frank has problems of being obsessed with sex and having a lot of sexual partners. Freud would say that Frank is fixated in the ____ stage of development. a. oral b. anal c. phallic d. genital
c. phallic
The Oedipus complex usually occurs during the _____ stage of development. a. oral b. anal c. phallic d. genital
c. phallic
When you experience a 'tip of the tongue' feeling (i.e. feeling like you know something but can't quite find it in your memory), you're experiencing a failure of: a. encoding b. storage c. retrieval d. iconic memory
c. retrieval
These are processes that reduce the availability of neurotransmitters in the synapse after the cell has fired. a. action potentials and ion channels b. organelles and mylen sheath c. reuptake and breakdown d. ribosomes and mitochnodrion
c. reuptake and breakdown
The process in which raw physical energy is absorbed by sensory receptors is called: a. transduction b. extrasensory perception c. sensation d. perception
c. sensation
Chunking is a strategy that can increase the capacity of ______ memory. a. sensory b. long term c. short term d. implicit
c. short term
Recalling something that you had once merely imagined happening as something you had directly experienced best illustrates: a. proactive interference b. the spacing effet c. source amnesia d. mood-congruent memory
c. source amnesia
Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt law of grouping? a. proximity b. closure c. texture gradient d. similarity
c. texture gradient
This is part of the brain concerned with motivating actions, like eating, drinking, and sex. a. the hippocampus b. the frontal lobe c. the hypothalamus d. the pons
c. the hypothalamus
Evolutionary psychology would suggest that men prefer youthful sexual partners b/c: a. only men who had this preference would survive long enough to produce b. media images of youth and beauty lead men to that preference c. women have a limited reproductive lifespan, and youthful women will produce more offspring d. all of the above
c. women have a limited reproductive lifespan, and youthful women will produce more offspring
Evolutionary differences in the challenges faced by men and women in our ancestral past could have led to: a. men having more interest in pornography b. men having more interest in casual sex c. men valuing youth in a sexual partner d. all of the above
d. all of the above
In the classic study on blocking, discussed in class, 2 groups of rats experienced slightly different things In Group 1, they initially heard a ton, again followed by a shock. In Group 2, they started out hearing the tone and seeing the light at the same time, followed by the shock. In other words, they never had just the tone by itself, followed by the shock. Which of the following statements about these groups of rats true? a. both groups showed fear when just the light was turned on by itself b. both groups showed no fear when just the light was turned on by itself c. Group 1 showed fear when the light was turned on by itself, but Group 2 did not d. Group 2 showed fear when the light was turned on by itself, but Group 1 did not
d. Group 2 showed fear when the light was turned on by itself, but Group 1 did not
A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is called _____ sleep. a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. REM
d. REM
Using a strategy to increase memory that increases acoustic encoding (such as the peg-word method) is an example of: a. the serial position effect b. implicit memory c. flashbulb memory d. a mnemonic device
d. a mnemonic device
A child's realization that others may have beliefs which the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of: a. egocentrism b. object permanence c. stranger anxiety d. a theory of mind
d. a theory of mind
According to the video shown in class, which of the following is learned by babies before they are born? a. the sound of the mom's voice b. accents of parent's native language c. tastes of foods mom eats d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Research on intelligence is controversial, in part, because: a. people have used IQ research to boost one group over others b. some suggest that group differences in IQ are almost entirely due to genes c. some researchers have falsified data on IQ d. all of the above
d. all of the above
What is a potential consequence associated w/ using punishment to decrease an unwanted behavior? a. the punished behavior is not necessarily extinguished b. the punishment may result in negative emotions and retaliation c. the punishment does not relate the unwanted behavior w/a more desired one d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following are attempts by psychodynamic theorists to uncover unconscious conflict: a. projective tests b. objective tests c. evaluation of peak experiences d. all of the above e. none of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following factors can buffer you against the negative health consequences of stress? a. optimism b. social support c. aerobic exercise d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following would be considered to be a form of symbolic thought? a. language b. make believe play c. pictorial representation d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following findings about the relationship of IQ scores between family members is true? a. the IQ's of identical twins raised together are more related than the IQ's of fraternal twins raised together b. the IQ's of siblings raised in the same home are more related than the IQ's of unrelated people raised in the same home c. the IQ's of biological children and their parents are more related than the IQ's of adopted children and their adoptive parents d. all of the above are true
d. all of the above are true
Which of the following statements about eyewitnesses testimony is true? a. the form of a lawyer's question to a witness can influence the witness's memory b. witness's confidence in their memory is unrelated to accuracy of the memory c. later information can intrude upon a witnesses's memory of a crime d. all of the above are true
d. all of the above are true
The bystander effect has been used to describe research findings related to: a. attributions b. aggression c. persuasion d. altruism
d. altruism
Someone who used to be called a "psychopath" would now be said to be suffering from: a. bipolar disorder b. schizophrenia c. depression d. anti-social personality disorder
d. anti-social personality disorder
Treating new information as if it belongs in an existing schema is called____, while adjusting and altering a schema to take new information into account is called_______. a. preparation reasoning; sensorimotor reasoning b. sensorimotor reasoning; pre-operational reasoning c. accommodation; assimilation d. assimilation; accommodation
d. assimilation; accommodation
Parents who respond to the question "why do I have to?" from their child with the answer "b/c I say so!" are demonstrating a(n)_____ parenting style. a. dictatorial b. permissive c. authoritative d. authoritarian
d. authoritarian
Discrimination is the _______ component of prejudice. a. personal b. cognitive c. affective d. behavioral
d. behavioral
Studying genetics and family relationships within the Amish community has helped researchers to come to a better understanding of the biological roots of which disorder? a. dissociative-identity b. schizophrenia c. obsessive-compulsive d. bipolar
d. bipolar
When we do something that violates our attitudes, we feel uncomfortable, and we try to change something in order to regain consistency. This best describes: a. attribution theory b. social facilitation c. balance theory d. cognitive dissonance theory
d. cognitive dissonance theory
Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to a. gender schemas b. collectivism c. the X chromosome d. genetic predispositions
d. genetic predispositions
Alzheimer's disease causes a loss of the ability to create new memories because this structure of the brain is deteriorating. a. frontal lobes b. thalamus c. hypothalamus d. hippocampus
d. hippocampus
Early in the pre-operational stage of development, the child will find Halloween extremely fun and exciting, not b/c all the candy, but b/c they do not have well developed: a. symbolic thought b. object permanence c. deferred imitation d. identity constancy
d. identity constancy
A motivation psychologist who believes that people are often pulled by external goals and that any stimulus that people have learned to associate with positive or negative outcomes can serve as an external goal adheres to what theory of motivation? a. hierarchy of needs theory b. instinct theory c. drive reduction theory d. incentive theory
d. incentive theory
Some nerve warfare agents cause painful muscular convulsions in which the muscle contracts and cannot relax. This effect is most likely due to a(n) _________ of __________ activity at the synapse. a. decrease; serotonin b. increase; serotonin c. decrease; acetylcholine d. increase; acetylcholine
d. increase; acetylcholine
Diffusion of responsibility may lead to: a. aggression b. helping c. compliance d. lack of helping
d. lack of helping
Natural selection requires that individual members of a species must: a. have the same chance of survival and reproduction b. be genetically identical c. be equally suited to the demands of the environment d. none of the above
d. none of the above
The id is to the _______ principle as the ego is to the ______ principle. a. delay; conscience b. reality; pleasure c. conscience; delay d. pleasure; reality
d. pleasure; reality
Although diagnosed with autism and hardly able to speak coherently, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as: a. g-factor b. Down's syndrome c. emotional intelligence d. savant syndrome
d. savant syndrome
A toddler explores a new environment while keeping an eye on mom, and returning to her occasionally and then venturing back out into the room. When mom leaves and a stranger arrives, the child cries and appears distressed. When mom comes back, the child seems happy to see her, regains contact w/ her and then resumes exploration of the room. This child seems to demonstrate a(n)_______ attachment style. a. insecure anxious b. insecure avoidant c. insecure autistic d. secure
d. secure
Our ________ is said to be a gauge of how socially accepted we feel. a. set point b. erotic plasticity c. basal metabolic rate d. self-esteem
d. self-esteem
This occurs when you train a person (or animal) to perform a complex task by reinforcing small steps toward the complex task. a. conditioned reinforcement b. overshadowing c. habituation d. shaping
d. shaping
The re-emergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest (and w/ no further pairing of the CS and US) would be called: a. extinction b. generalization c. discrimination d. spontaneous recovery
d. spontaneous recovery
Alcohol and tobacco would be considered____for a developing fetus. a. zygotes b. habituators c. identifiers d. teratogens
d. teratogens
Research participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his or her face or shook his or her foot were observed to mimic these things themselves. This best illustrates: a. social loafing b. the mere exposure effect c. the bystander effect d. the chameleon effect
d. the chameleon effect
Which of the following is part of the brainstem? a. the hippocampus b. the frontal lobe c. the hypothalamus d. the pons
d. the pons
The gambler's fallacy occurs due to the operation of: a. functional fixedness b. the availability heuristic c. framing d. the representativeness heuristic
d. the representativeness heuristic
If you were happy when you learned something, you are better able to remember it when you are happy again, This is called: a. state dependent memory b. trait dependent memory c. iconic memory d. the serial recall effect
d. the serial recall effect
Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The electric shock is a(n) a. negative reinforcer b. conditioned reinforcer c. conditioned stimulus d. unconditioned stimulus
d. unconditioned stimulus
Neurotransmitters are stored in _____________ which are located at the end of the __________. a. the cell nucleus; dendrites b. the cell nucleus; axon c. vesicles; dendrites d. vesicles; axon
d. vesicles; axon
Freud's theory of dreams suggests that they occur as a result of: a. activation-synthesis b. dissociation c. memory consolidation d. wish fulfillment
d. wish fulfillment
