Psychology 101 chap 1-3 Test Study Guide

According to Weber's Law, the absolute threshold for all senses is the same for everyone.

False

Structuralists emphasized the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.

False

The two main divisions of the central nervous system are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

False

Gestalt psychologists claimed that one cannot explain human perceptions, emotions, or thought processes in terms of basic units.

True

Megna stepped on a nail at the construction site where they worked. Which kind of neuron brings the pain signal from Megna's foot to their brain?

afferent

Sergei is having disturbing thoughts. His therapist suggests doing blood work to measure the level of hormones. Which perspective is Sergie's therapist using?

biological

If you mix red, blue and green paint together you will get ________.

black

Which of these can be defined as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes?

psychology

Yara is attending her high school pep rally. She walks into the gym and noticed there are a lot of people wearing purple shirt and others wearing green shirts. She assumes those individuals in the purple shirts must all be part of one collective group while the students in the green shirts are part of another group. Yara is using which principle of organization to deduce this?

similarity

Which senses are considered chemical senses?

taste and smell

Kendall is left-handed. Which of the following statements is true of her handedness?

Being left-handed was once seen as a deficiency.

Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking?

Choose critical thinking over research ethics if required.

Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists?

Clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior.

Humans only have five senses

False

John B. Watson developed the social-cognitive perspective, arguing for the influence of social factors over cognition.

False

Ravi is unable to choose the right career path after completing his college education. He plans to visit a psychologist who might help him find the right career. In this scenario, Ravi is most likely to visit a human factors psychologist.

False

Which of the following is true of Aristotle's contribution to psychology?

He argued that human behavior is subject to rules and laws.

A person in which field primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work?

Industrial psychologist

Which of the following statements is true of instinctive behavior?

Instinctive behavior tends to resist modification, even when it serves no purpose.

Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold?

It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found.

What role does the somatic nervous system play?

It transmits messages about sights, sounds, smells, and so on, to the central nervous system.

Who completed all of the academic requirements for a Ph.D. at Harvard but was never awarded it because Harvard would not grant a Ph.D. to a woman?

Mary Whiton Calkins

Jarrod is a receptionist who works long hours at a desk in his company. When he first gets to work in the morning he is annoyed by the "tick tick tick" of the clock on the wall. After an hour or two (or sooner if he is involved in a project that requires his focus) the sound of the clock isn't something he notices any longer. What is this an example of?

Sensory adaptation

Dasha and her family moved to a new home near the airport. At first, when the planes took off throughout the day Dasha could hear each one. She thought it would drive her crazy. But after a few weeks, she didn't notice them at all. Dasha had become desensitized to the stimulation of the sound of the planes.

TRUE

Which of the following causes Down syndrome?

The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.

Who is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?

Wilhelm Wundt

Who was a founder of the school of functionalism?

William James

Simone Biles is considered by many to be the greatest gymnast of all time. Which part of her brain is likely highly developed, helping her movements be smooth and balanced?

cerebellum

Which contemporary perspective is most likely a combination of structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt, and the ideas of Socrates?

cognitive

The ________ refers to the smallest possible stimulus that can be detected half the time, or the minimum level of stimuli that we can detect.

difference threshold

Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of ________.

dopamine

Which of the following represents your full genetic potential?

genotype

Alicia was recently in a car accident. Since then, she cannot retain memories of events that occurred after the accident. However, she can recall events that took place before the accident. She recognizes her family and friends and important dates, such as her birthday and her marriage anniversary, but has to be constantly reintroduced to the new people in her life. Alicia has most likely sustained damage to her ________.

hippocampus

Evelyn's therapist keeps reminding her that she must take responsibility for her thoughts and actions, and reinvent herself. Which approach is her therapist most likely using?

humanistic-existential

Messages from the brain or spinal cord are transmitted to muscles or glands through ________.

motor neurons

Alex is trying to overcome their shyness. The therapist asks to talk about their childhood, looking for unconscious conflicts. Alex's therapist is most likely following which school of thought?

psychoanalytic

Isha is going to see a movie but arrives late. By the time she walks in, the lights are already dimmed making it difficult to see. Which type of photoreceptors would be more sensitive to helping process vision in this setting?

rods

What is the correct order of the cells in the retina based on order of firing when receiving visual stimulation?

rods & cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Which two early approaches are no longer followed by psychologists today?

structuralism and functionalism

Damage to which brain stem structure may cause the heart and lungs to stop working?

medulla

What is sent by a neuron to relay its message to another neuron?

neurotransmitters

The rods & cones are to the eye as the ________.

olfactory bulb is to taste

When you look at a pair of train tracks and see them appear to converge as they move into the distance, you're experiencing ________.

perspective

Which part of the hindbrain acts like a bridge and transmits information about body movements?

pons

Which of the following are different from clinical psychologists in that their clients typically have adjustment problems, such as trouble making academic or vocational decisions or making friends in college, but not serious psychological disorders?

Counseling

Since 15 percent of a university is comprised of Asian-American students, a sample for a study was chosen in such a way that it, too, consisted of 15 percent Asian Americans. This kind of sample would be an example of a ________.

Crowd sample

Which of the following is a principle of Gestalt psychology?

closure

Pedro is confused and hearing voices. If he has schizophrenia, to which neurotransmitter is he most likely extra sensitive?

dopamine

Which of the following plays a significant role in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing?

medulla

According to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, animals cannot be harmed under any circumstance while conducting research.

False

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of biologically-oriented psychologists?

They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking.