Psychology 104:Social Psychology

Which of the following situations BEST illustrates the concept behind the social learning theory?

A child who witnesses his father act violently towards his mother will learn and display the same aggressive behaviors.

Which of the following is an example of institutionalized prejudice?

A company promotes people who are the same race as the CEO

A social psychologist who wants a baseline in an experiment needs which of the following?

A control group

Which of the following is an example of informative conformity?

A customer does what salesperson says because she thinks the salesperson knows more about the product than she does.

What is the difference between descriptive and injunctive norms?

A descriptive norm is based on what people actually do, while an injunctive norm is based on what people ought to do.

What does disinhibition mean?

A lack of concern for social norms.

Lily has a schema when going grocery shopping. What does that schema include?

A variety of groceries to go through

Which of the following experiments studied the social learning theory of psychology?

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll study

According to this researcher, a person's sexual orientation fluctuates over time, and most people fall somewhere in the middle.

Alfred Kinsey

In what way does social media distort facts from a political perspective?

Algorithms are used to determine which articles to present to individual users

Which of the following is an example of something that could act as a peripheral cue?

All are cues Attractiveness of the speaker, Fame and influence of the speaker and Length of the argument.

Which of these is an example of a stable attribution?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Although you expected to do well on your history test, you actually got a C.

What kind of attitude would be most likely to be changed through the peripheral route to persuasion?

An affectively based attitude

When should the researcher give the research participants an informed consent form?

As soon as the participants arrive at the study.

Which situation BEST exemplifies normative conformity?

At a team meeting, a new employee goes along with the incorrect calculations provided by his coworkers because he wants to be accepted by the group.

Which of the following can BEST be defined as the reason a person gives for why an event happened?

Attributions

Which is MOST important during stressful times?

Believing you have high social support.

Alfred Kinsey proposed a controversial idea that sexual orientation should be considered as a continuum or scale, instead of a group of categories. This theory implies that, statistically, most people will be at least a little _____?

Bisexual

How are scripts and schemas similar?

Both are examples of expected events; scripts are just more specific.

Greg works as a marketing researcher. Which of the following is a vague schema he would likely not understand?

Chinese holiday traditions

Kate always thought that she loved math. She received three consecutive grades that were lower than C in math and this caused her great discomfort. She started to dislike math as a result. What is this an example of?

Cognitive dissonance

Una always eats a three-course meal when she goes to a restaurant. John is wondering whether she always does that, or if she sometimes skips desert. What element of Kelley's covariation model of attribution is addressed?

Consistency

Sarah is dining with a group of work colleagues at an Italian restaurant; she has been talking about politics for the entire evening. The people at the table are wondering if Sarah always talks about politics at dinner, regardless of where she is or who she is with. What element of Kelley's covariation model of attribution is addressed?

Distinctiveness

Kelly thinks that Meryl Streep is the greatest actress of all time, and is talking about it at dinner. Which of the following questions addresses the consensus aspect of Kelley's covariation model of attribution?

Do most people who talk at the dinner table also think that Meryl Streep is the best actress?

Paul is in a cafe and he is telling his friends that he voted for the Republican candidate in the gubernatorial election. Which of the following questions addresses the consistency aspect of Kelley's covariation model of attribution?

Does Paul always vote for a Republican in the race for governor?

Sara loves puppies. Which of the following could be an example of the behavioral component of her attitude towards puppies?

Every time she sees a puppy, she squeals in delight.

A person who blames something that is outside of his control has which of the following attributions?

External

Leslie saw a person running across the street while the traffic light was red. She thought that he must be horribly unorganized. What kind of attribution error is this?

Fundamental attribution error

The belief that factors affecting the outcome applies to a large number of situations, not just one of them, refers to which of the following?

Global attribution

How is Stanley Schachter relevant to the two-factor theory of emotions?

He was the scientists who first introduced the idea.

How can the central route to persuasion affect the attitude of a person?

If a person believes the persuasion to be reliable and convincing he or she will typically be receptive to a change in attitude that is long-lasting.

Which answer choice best describes the majority vs minority decisions?

In these decisions, the group comes to a conclusion based on what most of the members want, without discussing possible alternatives.

If a group's main goal is to finish a project as efficiently as possible, which type of leader are they likely to prefer?

Instrumental

What does the halo effect refer to?

It refers to the tendency of people to make global generalizations about others' personality traits based solely on physical appearance.

How did the study conducted by Elliott Aronson and Judson Mills impact the theory of effort justification?

It supported the theory.

Which social psychologist's conducted a research study to learn more about racism?

Jane Elliott

Which social experiment illustrated the concept of stereotype threat?

Jane Elliott's brown eyes v. blue eyes experiment

Which of the following individuals is most likely an ambivalent sexist?

Jim, who loves and respects his mother and sister, but thinks other women are 'evil feminists' who are undeserving of respect.

Psychologist _____ paved the way for future psychologists to look at the relationship between a person's thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and the society around them, while psychologist _____ focused on his studies and research on conformity.

Kurt Lewin; Solomon Asch

Global, stable, and internal attributions lead to which of the following?

Learned helplessness

Tina is a student at MIT. She dropped a book on her foot and started laughing in response. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

Misattribution of arousal

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Personality psychology is exactly the same as social psychology.

Which research method involves making observations and taking descriptive notes in order to describe social occurrences?

Qualitative research

Which of the following research studies is a field study?

Researcher Dana goes to a baseball field to watch children play baseball. He observes how they play and interact with each other, and takes notes while watching them.

Which of the following is an example of an injunctive norm?

Saying 'excuse me' after sneezing in public.

Engaging in frequent interaction with others can increase a person's _____.

Social capital

Psychologist Albert Bandura's research studies focused on which of the following?

Social learning theory

A person who wants to work with individuals in the context of society would most likely be interested in working in which field?

Social psychology

Which psychologist believed that people behave according to how they perceive the world, rather than how the world actually is?

Solomon Asch

Which social psychologist performed a research study on social conformity?

Solomon Asch

Which attribution doesn't change over time or across situations?

Stable attribution

Which social psychologist studied how people interact with authority figures?

Stanley Milgram

Which of the following refers to a preconceived thought about something that is not based on reality?

Stereotype

A cross-sectional research study involves which of the following?

Studying a group of people just one time in a single session.

A benevolent sexist most likely believes which of the following?

That women have qualities of purity that men lack and should be treated like princesses.

The participants in which of the following research studies suffered psychological pain?

The Stanford prison experiment

According to the central route to persuasion of the elaboration likelihood model, the listener makes a decision based on which of the following?

The content of the speaker's speech

What is attentional bias?

The human tendency to view as more important that to which we give more of our attention

Kim has purchased a new iPhone. Now she sees iPhones everywhere and it seems to her that everyone is using them. What is this an example of?

The priming effect

What does the term outgroup homogeneity refer to?

The tendency to see members of a different group as similar to each other.

Which statement concerning the attachment theory of love is most accurate?

The type of relationship one had with their primary caregiver as a child will determine the type of romantic relationship she has as an adult.

What is an independent variable in an experiment?

The variable that the experimenter controls.

Which statement concerning qualitative research is most accurate?

There is a risk of bias in qualitative research as it is impossible for the researcher to stay impartial due to personal involvement.

Informational influence means that people join a group because _____.

They believe the group is right

Which of the following individuals is exhibiting the halo effect?

Tom thinks that beautiful people are outgoing and friendly, while less attractive people are shy and reserved.

Which of the following BEST defines insufficient punishment in the context of behavior motivation?

When a light punishment causes a longer-lasting behavior change than a severe punishment.

What might we communicate via how we represent our relationships online when using social media?

Whether we are serious about a romantic commitment

What was the outcome of Elliott's blue eyes/brown eyes exercise?

White students learned what it felt like to be discriminated against

A study conducted in the 1960s, which provided evidence that it is easy to change people's minds about things that they have always taken for granted, was conducted by _____ .

William McGuire

Which of the following answer choices best explains the persuasion technique scarcity?

You use the perception of limited availability to induce interest or competition.

Serge Moscovici believed which of the following?

all are correct. No progress would ever be made if it weren't for minority influence.,Not enough credit is given to the influence a minority can have on the majority and Consistency in presenting their idea is the most important tool the minority can use to change majority opinion.

Which of the following scenarios contains an example of discrimination?

all are discrimination

Reciprocal liking means _____.

all are true, we like others who like us, we like others who seem to like us, we like others who say they like us.

Paul is talking about one of his friends who is obsessed with makeup. Due to the fact that women usually wear more makeup than men, your assumption that Paul's friend is female is an example of a(n) _____ heuristic.

base-rate

According to the theory of planned behavior, a person's intention is the best predictor of their _____.

behavior

Jen realizes that she has been going to the gym a lot recently. She doesn't need to lose weight and can't think of any reason why her attendance has increased, so she determined she must like exercise more than she used to. This is an example of a _____ based attitude.

behaviorally

Jimmy had always aspired to be a stand-up comedian and wanted to audition for a show at a local club. He was told by a friend that he simply wasn't funny enough to be a stand-up comedian. This disappointed Jimmy and caused him to cancel the audition and feel that he really didn't want to do stand-up comedy after all. This is an example of _____.

cognitive dissonance

Qualitative research methods seek to _____.

collect data through observation to pinpoint why and how social phenomena occur

27 According to Robert Sternberg, the type of love that has intimacy, passion, and commitment is called ___

consummate love

A couple living near a neighborhood bar hears what sounds like a man screaming. They shut their windows and notice a half dozen neighbors across the street looking out their windows as well. The couple decides not to contact the police. According to Latane and Darley, their decision to not call 911 is indicative of _____.

diffusion of responsibility

Inducing fear, encouraging quick decisions, determining reaction towards others, and grabbing attention are all ways _____.

emotions affect attitude

The king of a small country wants to go to war. Everyone agrees with him in an attempt to gain his favor, even though they would be attacking a much larger nation. This an example of:

groupthink

Close relationships are most associated with _____.

happiness

According to _____, people join a group because they believe the group is right and they also want to be right.

informational influence

Group decisions, pro-social behavior, stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, and the self in a social context are all _____.

major themes in social psychology

The difference in level of permission a researcher needs in order to gain access to a community is referred to as _____.

open and closed access

What percentage of people are likely to alter their purchasing decisions based on information found on social media?

over 80%

Persuasion, the halo effect, social cognition, and the concept of self all fall under the umbrella of _____.

social psychology

Liz goes to a school where there are no grades. She often compares the feedback that she gets from teachers with her classmates because she feels that there are no objective criteria. This is an example of _____ theory.

social-comparison

Jimmy notices that when he doesn't thank friends for gifts they have given him, they become upset with him, so he makes an effort to remember to thank everyone who gives him something. A _____ perspective would best explain Jimmy's behavior as it is based on _____.

sociocultural; learning social rules and norms through interactions

Thinking about how we maintain relationships online means considering the _____ in these relationships.

strategies

In 2006, a group of researchers on subliminal messages found that _____.

subliminal messages can influence our attitudes and behavior within strictly controlled lab conditions

If you have a schema of how a computer works, then knowing how to start the computer is an example of a _____.

subschemata

When we organize our world into frameworks or categories and those categories have multiple layers, the lower-level layers are called _____.

subschemata

The misinformation effect is of great importance in _____.

the legal system

Rae is on a low-carb diet. She keeps trying not to think about all the carb-heavy food she loves, but it seems like she thinks about it more and more the harder she tries not to. This is an example of _____.

the rebound effect

Determining intention is the first stage associated with _____.

the theory of planned behavior

According to the equity theory of love, people are the most satisfied in relationships where _____.

there is equal give and take between the parties

Which of these is an activity that people might engage in to seek catharsis?

watching a violent movie