Psychology - 2. Psychology Research

10. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the use of an electronically activated recorder, or EAR, in a research study? a. it provides a series of soundbites that, when put together, can give an acoustic diary of the participant's day b. it is a constant recording on a moment-to-moment basis of the participant's day and cannot be turned off by a participant c. it records both auditory and visual feedback so that whatever the person sees or hears at a given moment is captured d. it is activated remotely by the researcher whenever s(he) wants to gather data e. it is only activated if the participant speaks so that it records all conversation

a

15. The on-going measurement of one's biological functions that occurs as they go about their daily lives is called ______assessment. a. ambulatory b. nonintrusive c. naturalistic d. covert e. enhanced

a

6. Each night before she goes to bed, Youngha's smartphone prompts her to log into a specific website and to answer several questions about her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. She does this every day for one month as part of a research study she has volunteered for. Which method is the researcher employing? a. the daily diary method b. the digital recall method c. ecological momentary assessment method d. quasi-experimental method e. repeated measures between-groups method

a

17. If you wanted to study a person's online behavior using their posts and contributions to a social networking website like Facebook, what would be the best way to analyze that activity? a. see how many friends they have on such a website b. analyze the content of the language used in their posts c. count the number of groups to which they belong d. track how many hours a day their account is logged in e. assess whether they respond to emails within a 24-hour period

b

5. To study cheating habits, Dr. Martin creates a study that asks participants to take an exam in a room where there is an open textbook on a desk, while being watched and videotaped. Because this study doesn't mirror everyday life, it would be particularly low in which quality? a. interscorer reliability b. ecological validity c. projective ambiguity d. internal consistency e. standardizability

b

7. Armando is participating in a one-week study examining the relationship between emotional states and eating behavior. Every time he eats something, he has to pull out a digital notebook and record how he is feeling at that exact moment. What kind of research method is being used in this study? a. ambulatory assessment method b. experience sampling method c. lived day analysis method d. electronically activated recording method e. daily diary method

b

13. Imagine that you are part of a study that measures heart rate and breathing throughout the day. Your heart rate and breathing only change when you exercise or are very excited. However, every time you visit the researcher to get your equipment updated, your heart rate and breathing spike. This phenomenon is referred to as: a. experimenter bias b. medical student syndrome c. stereotype threat d. white coat hypertension e. demand characteristics

d

16. There have long been criticisms of the science of psychology regarding the difficulty of measuring internal phenomena such as feelings. This is one reason why ______measures are so important: they are more widely accepted by skeptics. a. animal model b. self-report c. placebo d. ambulatory physiological e. social media

d

20. A relatively recent invention in technology is likely to become an important part of data collection in psychology research. What is it? a. GPS units b. Bluetooth sets c. transdermal tracking devices d. smartphones e. ocular monitoring packs

d

4. In a research study, ______ validity addresses the degree to which that study can lead to unambiguous causal inferences. a. Concordant b. External c. Predictive d. Internal e. Construct

d

12. Many students do quite well on practice quizzes or textbook exercises; however, on exam day they become anxious when their professor walks into the classroom. This phenomenon is very similar to ______ in research. a. the cocktail party phenomenon b. naturalistic observation c. ambulatory assessment d. the placebo effect e. white coat hypertension

e

19. In a study of 16 million Facebook users researchers found that posting "I voted" was associated with increased voting in their networks. Where research methods are concerned this is an example of ______. a. political bias b. adherence bias c. levels of analysis d. a meta-analysis e. observable behavior

e

3. ______ is the degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings and samples other than the ones being studied. a. Test-retest reliability b. Construct reliability c. Predictive standardization d. Internal validity e. External validity

e

8. What is the primary advantage of the day reconstruction method (DRM) in psychology research? a. it overcomes the "correlation does not equal causation" problem in descriptive research b. it helps researchers gain a better level of control over confounding variables in an experiment c. it decreases the problems associated with high levels of ecological validity in research d. it allows for an increase of both internal and external validity in a study e. it eliminates the burden of collecting data repeatedly over the course of a given day

e

9. As a researcher, you decide that you are very interested in peoples' everyday behavior. Therefore, you decide to use an Electronically Activated Recorder, or EAR device, to capture the acoustic diary of participants' days as they naturally unfold. In this scenario, you are: a. conducting an experiment b. studying daily behavior c. assessing covert feelings d. collecting data on implicit attitudes e. ensuring internal validity in your study

b

1. What is traditionally considered to be the "gold standard" in psychology research? a. a naturalistic observation b. the longitudinal study c. the laboratory experiment d. the anonymous survey e. the case study

c

11. Researchers have used several creative methods for studying behaviors and personality characteristics in both direct and unobtrusive methods over the years. Which of the following is not one of those methods? a. observing people's professional spaces, such as their offices to see how personality is detected in everyday environments b. using time-lapse photography to study the flow of people and the use of space in urban public places c. hiring professional drivers to follow participants as they travel across the city throughout the day d. collecting and analyzing people's garbage to determine what they consume instead of relying on what they say they consume e. observing people's personal spaces, such as dormitory rooms to understand personality expression

c

14. Scientists have developed the ability to monitor many different types of physiological activity as people go about their daily lives and activities. Which of the following is not one of those types of ambulatory measures? a. blood pressure b. monitoring of hormones c. electrooculogram d. electroencephalogram e. electrodermal activity

c

18. After the terrorist attacks in New York City on September 11, 2001, Cohn, Mehl, and Pennebaker (2004) examined blogs of users of a specific website. Through their use of ______, they determined that their participants expressed more negative emotions and were more cognitively and socially engaged for two weeks. After that period of time, these levels returned to baseline. a. electronically activated recordings b. ambulatory analyses c. linguistic analyses d. day reconstruction methods e. ecological momentary assessment

c

2. Dr. Gonzalez conducts research that allows her to draw conclusions about a small group of people: the participants in her study. She now wonders whether these conclusions will apply to the larger population from which her sample was drawn. Which of the following questions is most relevant to Dr. Gonzalez's current situation? a. Does my study contain an acceptable correlation coefficient? b. Have I found an adequate level of internal validity in my study> c. Do my conclusions generalize into the real world? d. What is the reliability of my research results? e. Have I adequately standardized my research sample?

c