Psychology 2.02-2.08 Quizzes

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most associated with movement, learning, and memory?

Acetylcholine

What is the theory of sleep that proposes that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active?

Adaptive sleep theory

The sympathetic nervous system is most likely to become active when

Alexandra is startled during a horror film

Luke is recovering from damage in his left frontal lobe. He is having trouble speaking. What is Luke's issue called?

Broca's aphasia

Which of the following structures, or areas of the brain, is most active during decision making?

Cerebral cortex

A recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called a(n)

EEG

A technique psychologists use to measure electrical activity in the brain is a(n)

EEG

What is the structure of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the formation of new memories?

Hippocampus

Which of the following brain imaging techniques produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?

MRI

During periods of darkness, the pineal gland in the middle of the brain produces which of the following hormones essential to sleep regulation?

Melatonin

In which of the following lobes would you find the primary visual cortex?

Occipital

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, which part of the brain is responsible for the random signals that lead to dreams?

Occipital lobe??? Pons?

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would most likely use a(n)

PET scan

Research has shown a connection between a deterioration of dopamine producing neurons and which neurological disorder?

Parkinson's disease

Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere?

Perceptual tasks

Dora has been asleep for about an hour and a half. Her heart beats faster, her breathing is uneven and quick, and her eyes move back and forth with the eye lids shut. Dora has most likely entered what stage of sleep?

REM Sleep

The stage of sleep in which the eyes rapidly move under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream is called

REM sleep

Alpha brain waves are produced in what stage of the sleep cycle?

Relaxed, but awake

One of the contributing factors to depression may be low levels of which of the following neurotransmitters?

Serotonin

What is responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements?

Somatic nervous system

Which of the following is responsible for preparing the body for defensive action?

Sympathetic nervous system

You come home one night to find a burglar in your home. Your heart starts racing and you begin to perspire. What part of the nervous system triggered these physical reactions?

Sympathetic nervous system

What is a hormone directly related to the human sex drive?

Testosterone

Describe how the nervous system and endocrine systems work together to facilitate survival. Include at least one specific example of the interaction between the two systems to complete a vital function.

The nervous system and the endocrine system work together to facilitate survival by eliciting chemicals that provide another system for influencing the body's feelings and behavior. For example, they work together in emergency situations, the sympathetic and nervous system keep the body alert. While the parasympathetic is what allows the body to revert back to its normal state. Together they work with adrenal glands that secrete the hormones that can increase blood pressure and heart rate.

A drug that mimics the effects of a particular neurotransmitter or blocks its reuptake is called a(n)

agonist

Which of the following is classified as a depressant?

alcohol

The structure of the limbic system that plays an essential role in fear and rage is the

amygdala

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in

an increase in respiratory rate

Antipsychotic drugs such as Thorazine are often used to treat schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs are used as

antagonists to inhibit the action of dopamine

Curare, a poison, works by

blocking receptor sites and acting as an antagonist for acetylcholine

The reticular formation is located in the

brainstem

The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem is called the

cerebellum

Russell needs more of the drug he has been using to get the normal high he got when he first started. Russell is experiencing

drug tolerance

Muscles can contract because they are made of

efferent neurons

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

endocrine system

The role of the parasympathetic nervous system is to

establish homeostasis after the fight-or-flight response

What is the basic difference between MRI and fMRI imaging techniques?

fMRI allows for real-time observations of changes in brain activity.

Higher mental functions, such as planning and complex decision making, take place in the

frontal lobe

A split-brain patient has a picture of a cow flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork, to her right hemisphere. She will be able to

identify the fork using her left hand

In an emergency situation, the adrenal glands secrete what hormones

increased blood pressure increased glucose level reduced blood flow to the digestive system increased heart rate

For most people in the general population, speech functions primarily take place in the

left cerebral hemisphere

Areas of the brain that are damaged or removed are referred to as

lesions

Information is carried from the central nervous system to the body's tissues by

motor neurons

Carolina was always hungry. After visiting the doctor, she was told that her _________ was producing too much insulin, causing low blood sugar.

pancreas

Touch sensations, such as pain and pleasure, take place in the

parietal lobe

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems.

peripheral

At the age of 25, Mr. Rahmn was less than 4 feet tall. His short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the

pituitary gland

The master gland of the endocrine system is the

pituitary gland

The function of the myelin sheath is to

protect and increase the speed of the action potential down the axon

Reuptake refers to the

reabsorption of excess neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron

Larry, a sophomore in college, sporadically stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up gasping for air and then very quickly falls back to sleep. Larry's college roommate complains that Larry loudly snores every night. Larry may be suffering from

sleep apnea

Drugs that speed up the functioning of the nervous system are called

stimulants

Glands, such as the adrenal gland, directly secrete hormones into

the bloodstream

The central nervous system consists of

the brain and the spinal cord

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the

threshold

After Dan's serious surfing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Dan is most likely to experience difficulty

understanding what others are saying

Dr. Phillips flashed a picture of a dog in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The patient could most likely

verbally report that a dog was seen

After taking a drug for several years, Bruce decides to quit taking the drug. He begins to experience a variety of physical symptoms, psychological symptoms (such as irritability), and a strong craving for the substance. What term is used to describe what Bruce is experiencing?

withdrawal