Psychology 230 Chapter 4-6
Mild cognitive impairment is the precursor for Alzheimer disease in all cases.
false
Which of the following best characterizes the vision of many preschool children?
farsighted
how long should an insult consume only breast milk or formula for nutrients and energy?
for the first four to six months of life.
The _______ of family dinners can influence an adolescent's likelihood of having substance abuse problems.
frequency
At birth, infants have:
hardly any control over fine motor skills.
Infants are more likely to hear _____ pitched sounds
high
Prevention and ___________ are two of the most important components of children's health
poverty
Newly crawling infants will do what with the navigation of a steep slope?
proceed and probably fall
According to Piaget, the level of young adults is _______, as compared to that of adolescents.
qualitatively the same
The integration of information from two or more sensory modalities is called:
intermodal perception
Gross motor skills
involve large-muscle activities.
In a recent study, which of the following aspects of pregnancy and delivery showed the strongest link to an infant reaching motor skills earlier?
larger size at birth
Chronic disorders are most common in:
late adulthood
All of the following are enduring components of Piaget's theory EXCEPT
latency
adolescent hearing loss has been related to
lower academic performance
People with macular degeneration:
may be able to see on the periphery but not what is directly in front of them
Which of the following statements is true regarding elementary school children and gross motor development?
Elementary school children feel a sense of accomplishment with running, jumping, or bicycling.
According to the DSM-V, bulimia nervosa is characterized by which two of the following
Eating in a specific amount of time an amount of food is larger than what most would eat in similar period in similar circumstances Sense of a lack of control over eating during an episode.
Which of the following chronic conditions is LEAST likely to limit the everyday activities or work of adults over the age of 65?
Epilepsy
More than half of individuals who are carriers of Apoe4 gene develop dementia in old age.
False
Piaget believed that children were like sponges and passively absorbed information from the world around them.
False
True or False: Concrete Operations do not allow the child to consider multiple characteristics of an object.
False
True or false: If a preoperational child cannot conserve length, the child will not be able to conserve number.
False
Alzheimer disease is caused by a deficiency in the brain messenger chemical called acetylcholine, which is very important in
memory
Among american adults in 2016, which of the following had the highest rate of obesity.
middle-aged women
Which of the following is an accurate description of critiques of Piaget's sensorimotor stage by recent research?
An infant's cognitive world is not as neatly packaged as Piaget portrays it.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the visual acuity of infants?
An infant's visual acuity by 6 months of age is 20/40
During Piaget's fifth sensorimotor stage, in which the infant develops tertiary circular reactions, which two of the following are also developed?
Curiosity interest in Novelty
Which of the following is a tool of scaffolding in the ZPD that helps a child develop more systematic, logical, and rational concepts?
Dialogue
When can sound first be perceived?
During the last two months of pregnancy
Which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate?
Males in emerging adulthood
Place the substages of Piaget's sensorimotor stage in order from first to last
Simple Reflexes First habits and primary circular reactions Secondary circular reactions Coordination of secondary circular reactions Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity Internalization of Schemes
Which of the following studies have studies shown to protect against development of overweight and obesity in adolescents?
Team sports, family dinners.
A constructivist approach in the classroom emphasizes that children:
actively seek solutions on their own.
An infant's movement cannot be repeated in the same way over time and in different situations because their bodies, the environments in which they behave, and the tasks they face change. This requires
adaptive behavior
A child whose BMI is at the 85th percentile would be
at risk of being overweight.
Which of the following is required for an infant to develop a skill such as sitting, crawling, or walking?
behavioral flexibility
Individuals with ____ engage in a recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food during which they feel a lack of control over eating.
binge eating disorder.
The leading cause of death in middle-aged adults and adults between the age of 65 and 74 is
cancer
Which of the following statements most closely fits with the trends associated with adolescent cigarette smoking in the United States?
cigarette smoking peaked in 1996 and then gradually declined.
Compared to Piaget's theory of children's cognitive development, Vygotsky's theory places more emphasis on
cultural context and social interaction.
Characteristics of Alzheimer disease include which of the following? (select all that apply)
deficiency in acetylcholine, Twisted fibers that build up in neurons, dense deposits of protein that accumulate in the blood vessels.
Characteristics of Alzheimer disease include which of the following?
deficiency in acetylcholine, dense deposits of protein that accumulate in blood vessels, twisted fibers that build in neurons.
Educatioanl success has a protective role in reducing adolescents'
drug use
According to development William Perry, as compared to adolescence, thinking in adulthood is
reflective
The effectiveness of the zone of proximal development is increased by which of the following?
secure atachment, compliance, emotional regulation
Researchers who have evaluated Piaget's stages have suggested that his theory of _______ development needs to be changed and enhanced
sensorimotor
Which of the following statements is true about adolescent alcohol use?
sizable declines in adolescent alcohol use have occurred in recent years.
Which of the following are symptoms of Parkinson disease?
slowing of movements, muscle tremors, partial facial paralysis.
According to Piaget, during the ______ substage, young children gain the ability to represent mentally an object that is not present.
symbolic function
The development of Alzheimer disease is most likely influenced by
the interaction of lifestyle and genes
Since the mid-1990s, how have most adolescents perceived smoking?
with disapproval As dangerous
Which of the following declines in vision begin to happen in middle age? (select all that apply)
Presbyopia, Need for more light to work or read, reduced blood supply to eyes.
Unlike bulimia nervosa, binge eating-disorder is not characterized by
Purging behavior.
A recent study found that all of the following were associated with a decrease in deaths from cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT
Reducing alcohol consumption.
Postformal thought is characterized by which of the following types of thinking?
Reflective, Relativistic, contextual, realistic, provisional
______ care involves services that provide a temorary relief for those who are caring for individuals with disabilities and illnesses.
Respite
Posture is a dynamic process that is linked with all of the following EXCEPT:
Rooting reflex
At 3 years of ag a child enjoys motor movements such as ______.
Running, hopping, jumping
Which of the following are factors in perceptual completion?
Self-directed exploration with eye movements, Experience and Learning
For individuals who are 30 percent overweight, teh probability of dying in middle adulthood increases by _____ percent.
40
When they go to the playground, Gaia climbs to the top and lays daringly down across the bars. She is most likely what age?
5
females make up about ______of the cases of osteoporosis in the United States today.
80 percent
A child who is classified as obese has a BMI in the _____ percentile
97th
Regarding lifestyles and the risk of Alzheimer disease, which of the following is true
A healthy lifestyle can lower risk of Alzheimer disease. Many of the same habits that lead to cardiovascular disease increase risk for alzheimer disease.
Vygotsky saw private speech as
A way that children converse with themselves OR a tool for self-regulation
Which of the following are characteristic of adolescent thought in the formal operational stage
Abstract Systematic Logical Idealistic
Formal operational thought includes which of the following?
Abstract propositions Idealism Hypothetical and Logical reasoning
Which of the following behaviors/movements are precursors to walking?
Alternating kicking movements, stabilizing balance
Which of the following are helpful in the treatment of arthritis symptoms?
Aspirin, exercise, weight reduction, joint replacement.
According to the neo-Piagetians, the Piaget's theory needs more emphasis on which of the following?
Attention Information-processing speed Memory Children's strategies
What aspect of successful weight loss programs requires participants to keep weight loss diaries and give them rewards for meeting goals?
Behavioral therapy
Chronic disorders have a slow ______ (slow/fast) onset and a ______ (short/long) duration
Blank 1: Slow Blank 2: Long
Which of the following are true regarding the development of gross motor skills in middle and late childhood?
Boys usually outperform girls in gross motor skills during this period. Children who fail to develop basic motor skills face long-term negative effects.
Which of the following statements are true about caring for people with Alzheimer disease
Caregivers of Alzheimer patients need a break from providing chronic care. Family can become emotionally and physically drained from providing care to an Alzheimer patient.
Which of the following can be inferred as an outcome of the research by DecAsper and Spence (1986) in which mothers read The Cat in the Hat to their fetuses and then to the children post-birth?
Fetuses can hear Fetuses can learn
Which of the following apply Vygotsky's concepts in the classroom?
Focusing lessons on the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development to teach advanced cognitive skills. Using peer teaching and encouraging children to practice their skills.
Which of the following is/are the most common of the chronic conditions associated with the greatest limitation on work?
Heart conditions
Which of the following is most often used to assess an infant's attention to sound?
High-amplitude sucking
Adolescent egocentrism includes which of the following?
Imaginary audience Personal fable
How might learning to walk promote language development in children?
It allows them to initiate interaction with parents and other adults.
By 18 to 24 months, which of these abilities do most toddlers have?
Jumping in place Walking quickly and running stiffly Walking backward
Infants can determine the general area from which sound is coming. This is called:
Localization
What are some of the changes in hearing that take place during infancy?
Loudness Pitch Localization
Which statement is true regarding chronic disorders?
Men are more likely than women to have fatal chronic disorders such as cancer and coronary heart disease.
According to the core knowledge approach, which of the following plays the most important role in infant development?
Nature
Which of the following statements is true regarding fine motor skills in infancy?
Newborns already have many components of what will become finely coordinated finger movements.
In comparing the health of emerging adults with the health of adolescents, which of the following statements are true regarding emerging adults?
The have a higher mortality rate, They have more chronic health problems, they are more likely to be obese.
In the first habits and primary circular reactions substage, teh main focus is on
The infant's own body
Which of the following is true of neo-Piagetians?
They have elaborated on Piaget Theory They stress attention to children's strategies.
In a large longitudinal research study of 10,000 men and women followed over 8 years, participants were divided into low, medium, and high fitness levels. What did the study find?
Those in low sedentary group were more than two times more likely to die than those in medium fitness group, and three times more likely to die than those in high fitness group.
A healthy 1-year-old weighs _____ times more than they did at birth.
Three
True or false: Alcohol use peaks in emerging adulthood and then declines somewhat by the mid-twenties
True
True or false: Mothers in developing countries tend to stimulate their infants' motor skills more than mothers in developed countries.
True
True or false: The pain threshold in newborns occur at a lower level of stimulation than for adults
True
Which of the following are ways that Vygotsky's theories have been incorporated in the classroom setting?
Using more skilled peers as "teachers" Providing more real-life learning experiences than abstract presentations in classroom instruction. Encouraging children to develop private speech in the classroom to aid in problem-solving tasks
The______ preference method is used to determine when infants can distinguish one stimulus from another.
Visual
One of the best strategies for preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease in people who are at risk is to
improve cardiac functioning through diet, drugs, and exercise
symptoms of dementia include which of the following? (select all that apply)
inability to recognize familiar surroundings, inability to care for oneself, inability to recognize familiar people.
One risk factor for Alzheimer disease is ______, a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging nad very early Alzheimer disease and other dementias.
mild cognitive impairment.
Physical and psychological gains are more likely to be produced by exercise that is:
moderate and intense.
People with binge eating disorder are frequently
overweight
Which of the following has been linked to health-enhancing behavior and reduced risk taking in adolescence?
parental monitoring
According to one study, which of the following factors in an adolescent's life was the strongest predictor of lower risk for being overweight and obese?
participation in team sports.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main characteristics of anorexia nervosa?
pattern of binge and purge eating.
