Psychology 2e - Chapter 4 Reading Quiz

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnosis. A: dissociative B: cognitive-behavioral C: hypnotic mediation D: social-cognitive

D: social-cognitive

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. This is an example of ________. A: psychological dependence B: physical dependence C: withdrawal D: tolerance

D: tolerance

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? A: homeostasis B: rhythm C: melatonin D: insomnia

A: Homeostasis

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer? A: Rosalind Cartwright B: Sigmund Freud C: John Hobson D: Carl Jung

A: Rosalind Cartwright

Mona lives on the east coast of the USA. She takes an overnight flight to the west coast to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________. A: jet lag B: homeostasis C: night terrors D: parasomnia

A: jet lag

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false? A: Sleep deprivation has been found to lead to ADHD. B: Sleep deprivation is associated with obesity. C: Sleep deprivation can result in decreased mental alertness and cognitive function. D: Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms.

A: Sleep deprivation has been found to lead to ADHD.

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. A: biological B: heterostatic C: lucid D: suprachiasmatic

A: biological

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________. A: narcolepsy B: insomnia C: restless leg syndrome D: night terrors

A: narcolepsy

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false? A: It can result in sleeping problems. B: It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse. C: It refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a regular basis. D: It renders the maintenance of a normal circadian cycle difficult.

B: It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse.

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep. A: non-REM B: REM C: NREM D: night terrors

B: REM

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________. A: darkness; light B: pulsing light; steady light C: light; darkness D: twilight; gloom

A: darkness; light

________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist. A: dissociative B: cognitive behavioral C: Jungian D: social-cognitive

A: dissociative

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content. A: latent B: biological C: circadian D: manifest

A: latent

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. A: parasomnias B: lucid dreaming C: protoconsciousness D: somnambulism

A: parasomnias

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________. A: report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized B: usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors C: can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist D: usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors

B: usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so frequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? A: synergistic effects B: polysubstance abuse disorder C: psychological dependence D: physical dependence

C: psychological dependence

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? A: premature birth B: smoking in the home C: hyperthermia D: above average birth weight

D: above average birth weight

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world. A: melatonin B: external C: diurnal D: circadian

D: circadian

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. A: insomnia B: narcolepsy C: cognizance D: meditation

D: meditation

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________. A: A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. B: An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. C: An individuals airway becomes blocked during sleep. D: Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.

C: An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

Crack is regarded as more addictive than cocaine because it is ________. A: cheaper, so people can afford more of it B: frequently smoked in combination with pharmaceuticals C: smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly D: easier to get, so people can take more at once

C: smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________. A: chromotropes B: chronotypes C: chronologies D: chromatins

B: chronotypes

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. A: antipsychotic B: depressant C: stimulant D: hallucinogen

B: depressant

Mescaline is considered a(n) ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences. A: depressant B: hallucinogenic C: opioid D: stimulant

B: hallucinogenic

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. A: depressant B: stimulant C: antipsychotic D: hallucinogen

B: stimulant