Psychology

Scientists do not fully understand the process of hypnosis. What theory was discussed in the textbook and class to explain hypnosis?

Dissociation explains how hypnotized people can undergo medical procedures without experiencing pain People have seen how others act under hypnosis. Therefore, when they are hypnotized, they play the role of a hypnotized person

A measure can be valid, but unreliable

False

A psychologist with a PhD. or PsyD. in Psychology can practice medicine.

False

About 10% of all undergraduates are psychology majors.

False

Most of the sleep disorders discussed in the textbook and in class are easily treatable.

False

______________________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.

Inter-rater reliability

Which developmental psychologist is known for his stage theory?

Jean Piaget

Which psychologist was a behaviorist?

John Watson

Which influential non-psychologist contributed significantly to cognitive psychology and led to an interdisciplinary approach among psychology and other disciplines?

Noam Chomsky

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________________________ sleep.

REM

A(n) _________________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

Skinner box

The most significant criticism of the work of Sigmund Freud by psychologists is:

Some of his major ideas cannot be empirically tested

According to your Instructor, there continues to be a divide in the discipline of psychology between those who want the field to stick to evidence-based research and those who believe that psychology is both a science and an art.

True

An ethical researcher will take time to learn about his or her internal biases and the impact they may have on his or her research.

True

At least 10% of people will have a sleep disorder at some point in their lives.

True

Who was the first person referenced to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ____________________________.

an individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would BEST be described as ______________________.

case studies

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that most researchers indicate that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of _____________________.

confirmation bias

The "Big Five" personality traits include: agreeableness, neuroticism, extroversion, openness, and _______________________.

conscientiousness

The ____________________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

control

What exemplifies the empirical method?

doctor observes and records how watching cartoons influence heart rates

In a ___________________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

double-blind

William James was the _______________________.

first American psychologist

What is a positive reason for selecting a survey methodology?

generally, require short time commitment for the participants

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines _____________________ as objectively as possible.

his/her own conscious experience

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) __________________.

illusory correlation

The _____________________ is controlled by the experimenter.

independent variable

A guy investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the _________________ variable and word retention is the __________________ variable.

independent, dependent

The sleep debt is the result of _________________________.

insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

An Institutional Review Board _________________________________________.

is required at institutions that receive federal funding for human research

In a ____________________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.

lucid

What hormone does the pineal gland release?

melatonin

A negative correlation means _______________________________________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

A(n) _____________________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

operational definition

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of ________________________.

parasomnias

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Green Day used a ____________________ from their _______________________ of interest in order to make a ___________________________.

sample, population, generalization

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what occurs when all other levels of need are met?

self-actualization

Hamid is a 911 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing _________________________.

sleep rebound

What is a limitation that affects the generalization of research results?

small sample size

Sleepwalking is also referred to as _______________________.

somnambulism

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to _____________________.

study the function of behavior

What is one task that a peer reviewer is not likely to participate in?

suggesting journals that may be interested in publishing the research

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

tentative explanation

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that __________________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

A guy is interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ___________________ is the independent variable and _____________________ is the control group.

type of play, no play

What school of thought in psychology had the most influence on establishing psychology as a science?

Behaviorism

According to class slides, all of the following are sub-disciplines in psychology, EXCEPT:

Community health

What represents a weak positive correlation?

+0.2

What correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

-0.2

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

2