psychology
Reliability
A psychologist gives the same test to a class of students at the beginning of the day and again at the end of the school day. The extent to which test scores are similar across the two administrations demonstrates which of the following test properties?
a positive correlation
A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is
a double-blind design
A researcher is studying the effect of caffeinated drinks on the activity level of ten-year-old children. Half of the children in the study drank caffeinated soda, and half drank non caffeinated soda. Neither the research team nor the children knew which drinks had caffeine and which drinks did not. The researchers were using
explains the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete
A researcher uses debriefing when he
inferred causation from correlation
A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly
Participants must be offered alternative activities if research participation is a course requirement
All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:
each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study
Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that
There is a possibility that the difference between the two groups occurred by chance.
An instructor conducted an experiment to determine the effects of two different methods of study on the amount students learned in introductory physics. The results showed that the average amount learned by the group using one method was greater than the average amount learned by the group using the other. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion to be drawn?
It contains the middle 68% of the distribution
In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean?
survey
In a recent report, a developmental psychologist who studied peer pressure in middle schools obtained data from a large, representative sample of adolescents across the United States. This research most likely involved a
difference not likely due to chance
In experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a
naturalistic observation
Jane Goodall lived among wild chimpanzees intermittently for decades, studying their social and family systems while keeping her interaction with the chimpanzees to a minimum. Her research method can most accurately be described as
They enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing the variables and how they are used.
Operational definitions are used for which of the following reasons?
time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario.
Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that
Independent
Research participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words printed on paper, and the remaining group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The modality in which the words are presented (i.e., auditory, visual, or both) is which type of variable?
Having a higher income causes fewer dental problems
Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?
sampling bias
Students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. The journalism students' data may not be generalizable due to
level of empathy correlates negatively with enjoyment of violent humor
Survey research has shown that people with high levels of empathy (that is, an ability to imagine and feel what others are experiencing) tend to indicate lower ratings of enjoyment of violent humor than people with lower levels of empathy. Based on these results, one can conclude that
Scatterplot
The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a
Incidence of aggressive behavior
The next question(s) are based on this scenario: A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study?
Hot weather is related to both ice cream sales and snake activity.
There is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and instances of snakebites. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this correlation?
Experimental
Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?
The distribution of scores for the test is positively skewed.
While reviewing scores from a chapter test, a teacher discovered that the mean score was higher than the median. Which of the following statements is most likely correct?
