Psychology Ch 1
Physiological Perspective
Focuses on the relationship between biological processes and behavior
ontogenesis
own individual development (life story)
dependent variable
outcome; thing that is being tested the thing that happened because of the independent variable
somatic nervous system
controls skeletal muscles
automatic nervous system
regulates glands
Psychodynamic Perspective
The view that behavior is influenced by the struggle between unconscious sexual or aggressive impulses and opposing forces that try to keep this threatening material out of consciousness.
phylogenies
evolutionary history of a species
how do we study the brain
old way: animal and accidents new way: brain imaging
Rules for introspection
1. you must be completely impartial 2. you must have attention under control 3. your body and mind must be fresh 4. your general disposition must be favorable
Behavioral perspective
focuses on the role of learning in explaining observable behavior
Define Psychology
psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes
Not psychologists but still helpers
1.psychiatrists (prescribe med.) 2. social workers (helpers; sociological perspective)
axon
sends information
Introspection
-method used to break the mind down -structuralists -too subjective
two parents that formed psychology
1. Biology 2.philosophy
Birthdate of psychology
1979
Proliferation
Cell division
Why is psychology a science
Psychology is a science because it applies the scientific model in testing claims and beliefs in the light of the available evidence.
William Hunt
first laboratory
correlation coefficient
statistic; a number; relationship between two things or variables (Direction/strength)
neurotransmitters
transferring information in form of chemicals
occipital love
vision
temporal lobe
hearing and language
correlational method
method used to examine relationships between variables which are expressed in the form of a statistical measure called a correlation coefficient - closer to cause and effect
parietal lobe
mobile movement, sensation
parasympathetic
calms you down
neuron
communicators
The most important theory in psychology
evolution
cerebrum
last thing that develops personality impulse control
frontal
personality
independent variable
the variable you have control over
dendrites
gather information
sympathetic
gets you ready for action
differentiation
stem cells
central nervous system
stores information
peripheral nervous system
transmits information
cell death
neural Darwinism
Functionalists
-say structuralists are wrong -mind is yours; no one else has access to your brain -consciousness is personal -it is always changing -consciousness is continuous, no breaks
Scientific method
1. define the theory or problem 2. develop a hypothesis 3. collect data 4. analyze the data
Two groups of psychology
1. helpers 2. researchers
Scientific method
a method of inquiry involving careful observation and use of experimental methods
endocrine
regulates hormones
axon terminals
releases information to the synapse
experimental method
a method of scientific investigation involving the manipulation of independent variables and observation or measurement of their effects on dependent variables under controlled conditions
Brain stem
basic functions; first thing that develops in the body; keeps you alive
migration
cells moving
synapse
chemicals are released from terminals and are picked up by dendrites
synaptogenesis
creation; birth of synapses
limbic system
plays a role in emotion amygdale: emotion hippocampus: memory
Sociocultural Perspective
Emphasizes the role of social and cultural influences n behavior
Cognitive Perspective
Focuses on the processes by which we acquire knowledge