Psychology Ch. 11

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

High self-efficacy

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

Who proposed the locus of control concept?

Julian Rotter

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.

Persona

How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning?

Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?

Reaction formation

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?

They can be scientifically tested.

Which question was central to the marshmallow test?

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.

collective unconscious

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

congruence

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

five factor model

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?

generativity vs. stagnation

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings.

indigenous

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.

selective migration

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self-actualization