Psychology Ch. 11

Studies show that ___ is the optimal amount of stress that people need to positively promote their health and sense of well-being, which coincides with ___ theory. a) eustress; arousal b) intensity; cognitive consistency c) distress; biological instinct d) eustress; Maslow's

A) eustress; arousal

In which of Selye's stages is death a possible outcome? a) exhaustion b) alarm c) reaction d) resistance

A) exhaustion

Azriel seems to thrive on stress and feels very much in control of his life. He would probably be labeled a ___ personality. a) hardy b) Type B c) Type A d) Type C

A) hardy

Gary is having trouble with psychology and statistics. He goes to the school's academic help center for tutoring and spends extra time working on problems at home. Gary's method of coping is ___ a) problem focused b) defensive focused c) emotion focused d) internal

A) problem focused

According to Richard Lazarus, determining what can be done to deal with one's stress is an example of a ___ appraisal. a) secondary b) formal c) tertiary d) primary

A) secondary

According to Richard Lazarus, when someone asks themselves, "How can I deal with this potentially harmful stressor?" the individual is focused on a ___ appraisal. a) secondary b) minimal c) tertiary d) primary

A) secondary

Who, if anyone, would consider going shopping as a daily hassle and therefore stressful? a) senior citizens b) adolescents c) those in their 20s and 30s d) hassles are stressful at any age, and studies do not find shopping to be a stressor or hassle at any age

A) senior citizens

Jolene rarely takes any work home, preferring to leave her work worries at the office. She is a bit carefree and not as ambitious as some of the other women in her office. Instead, Jolene likes to have a lot of leisure time whenever possible. She is also easygoing and doesn't lose her temper often, preferring to avoid conflict. Which of the following statements about Jolene is most likely true? a) she it a Type B personality b) she is a Type A personality c) she is a Type C personality d) Jolene's risk of coronary heart disease is high

A) she is a Type B personality

Erica was very frustrated with her job and ultimately decided to quit. What do we call this method of handling frustration? a) this approach is called escape or withdrawal b) this is an example of an emotion-focused method c) this approach is called using a scapegoat d) this approach is called ignoring

A) this approach is called escape or withdrawal

Kina's husband comes home from work angry because of an argument he had with his boss. Subsequently, Kina's husband begins yelling at her for no apparent reason. Ultimately, Kina finds herself yelling at their youngest child for apparently no good reason other than being frustrated. Kina is displaying ___ a) displaced aggression b) escape c) projection d) withdrawal

A) displaced aggression

Dean has a comprehensive final exam in three weeks that he is concerned about. His concerns prompt him to go ahead and start studying and in doing so, he feels less worried as the exam approaches. In this example, the exam, Dean's concerns, and his behavior may be seen as an example of ____. a) eustress b) depression c) distress d) burnout

A) eustress

A score above 300 on the SRRS would indicate a person has ___ of becoming ill or having an accident. a) a low risk b) a very high risk c) an average risk d) no risk

B) a very high risk

Keenan is trying to decide if he should go on spring break with his friends to Las Vegas or with his other friends to Miami Beach, both of which he has enjoyed going to in the past. Keenan's situation is an example of a(n) ___ conflict. a) avoidance-avoidance b) approach-approach c) approach-avoidance d) multiple approach-avoidance

B) approach-approach

Time pressure is often found to have a negative impact on ___ a) depression b) creativity c) frustration d) predictability

B) creativity

Huong has moved from China to the United States. While she dresses and acts like her American friends, she still has retained much of her cultural heritage and attends traditional Chinese dance classes on the weekend. This is an example of ___ a) assimilation b) integration c) separation d) marginalization

B) integration

Lisa wants the lead singing part in the next school musical but by all accounts, she is not musically gifted in any way and has a rather unpleasant singing voice. Lisa may eventually realize her lack of singing ability is an ___ frustration. a) unacceptable b) internal c) external d) extrinsic

B) internal

What does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) use to determine its results? a) the SRRS asks users to subjectively rate their stress level b) the SRRS records specific positive and negative life events to determine an individual's current level of stress c) the SRRS looks exclusively at any catastrophes that a person has experienced d) the SRRS examines diet and family history to determine one's overall health risks

B) the SRRS records specific positive and negative life events to determine an individual's current level of stress

Researchers today believe that eustress is based off of ___ of motivation. a) the need for affiliation theory b) the arousal theory c) Maslow's theory d) the biological theory

B) the arousal theory

Wanda explains that she ignores her problems when she feels she can not control them or when she worries about them to the point of causing problems elsewhere in her life. What does the research say about using such an approach. a) this method can be somewhat harmful, even if only used occasionally b) this method is fine when the stressor cannot be eliminated or worrying about the stressor causes problems c) this method is helpful only if you are a Type B personality d) this method is dangerous, since a stressor really must be dealt with so as to feel better

B) this method is fine when the stressor cannot be eliminated or worrying about the stressor causes problems

What is the primary application of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) developed by Holmes and Rahe? a) to estimate your risk of cancer b) to estimate your risk of illness or having an accident in the near future c) to estimate your potential level of stress for the next 36 months d) to estimate how long you will live based on your current lifestyle

B) to estimate your risk of illness or having an accident in the near future

Greg rushes to an appointment, arriving 20 minutes early, while Aaron arrives with only minutes to spare. Slightly annoyed when Greg points this out, Aaron replies very casually, "Hey, I'm here". We might assume Greg has more of a ___ personality while Aaron is more ___ a) type B; type C b) type A; type B c) type A; type C d) type C; type A

B) type A; type B

To alleviate her stress, Jenny often closes her eyes and envisions herself on a quiet beach during sunset. This vision often helps her to relax, especially before in front of a crowd. Such an approach is known as ___ a) progressive muscle relaxation b) visualization c) concentrative meditation d) relaxation

B) visualization

Which of the following people may have the greatest ability to cope with stress? a) Carrie, who works hard but doesn't have any apparent hobbies or other interests b) Larry, who is highly driven to succeed c) Mary, a very religious person who is involved in her community d) Jeri, who has few friends and whose family lives far away from her

C) Mary, a very religious person who is involved in her community

This stage of the general adaption syndrome is accompanied by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. a) exhaustion b) termination c) alarm d) resistance

C) alarm

Marriage is sometimes perceived as a unique stressor. On one hand, you have many good aspects such as finding that special someone, long-term commitment and sometimes even combined incomes. On the other hand, there is a perceived loss of independence, a sense of finality, and the fear of "what if this isn't the right one?". Therefore marriage may be seen as an example of a(n) ___ conflict. a) approach-approach b) avoidance-avoidance c) approach-avoidance d) double approach-avoidance

C) approach-avoidance

Joaquin moved from Nicaragua to the United States. He learned to speak and write English, changed his last name so it would sound more "American", and no longer maintains any of his old culture's styles of dress or customs. Joaquin has used which method of entering the majority culture? a) marginalization b) separation c) assimilation d) integration

C) assimilation

Based on previous research, who is more likely to experience lack of money as the biggest daily hassle in their life? a) young adults b) children c) elderly people d) adolescents

C) elderly people

Michael was cut from his high school basketball team. He told his friends that he was cut because the coach did not like him, but his close friends know that Michael was cut because he hardly ever practiced. In this situation, Michael's excuse is an example of a(n) ___ frustration, while the fact he despises practicing is an example of a(n) ___ frustration. a) personal; external b) personal; internal c) external; personal d) internal; external

C) external; personal

The key type A personality component related to heart disease is ___ a) apathy b) learned helplessness c) hostility d) frustration

C) hostility

Typically, the immune system response to stress is effective as long as ___ a) the stressor is not a bacteria b) the stressor is eustress c) the stressor is not continuous or chronic d) the stressor is not a virus

C) the stressor is not continuous or chronic

The first response that people typically make when frustrated is to ___ a) give up b) get created c) try again d) get angry

C) try again

Devon is a full time college student who has not taken a semester off in three years. He increasingly finds himself fatigued and stressed by the seemingly never ending stream of papers, exams and group projects. It has gotten to the point where he lacks the energy to work on his projects and put little effort into his studying, figuring "Whats the point?" What might Devon be experiencing? a) Devon is simply stressed. nothing more b) Devon is suffering from eustress c) Devon is suffering from acculturative stress d) Devon is suffering from burnout

D) Devon is suffering from burnout

Unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat are called ___ a) hassles b) major hassles c) major life events d) catastrophes

D) catastrophes

Research suggests the number and perceived severity of daily hassles are strong predictors of ___ a) depression b) diabetes c) heart attacks d) headaches

D) headaches

In addition to being emotionally intense, many items on both the SRRS and CUSS are stressful because they ___ a) turn into catastrophes b) cause heart disease c) lead to mild stress disorder d) involve the most hassles

D) involve the most hassles

What does the research tell us about the effects of laughter on alleviating stress? a) laughter can alleviate immediate stress but the effects last only a few minutes b) laughter can actually have a negative effect on the body c) laughter in reality has little to no effect on one's overall stress level d) laughter has been shown to help the immune system

D) laughter has been shown to help the immune system

What does the acculturative stress typically come from? a) separation b) integration c) assimilation d) marginalization

D) marginalization

Simply put, what type of stress reduction is tai chi, the focusing of the mind on specific movements of the body? a) progressive muscle relaxation b) optimism c) personality type d) meditation

D) meditation

What are considered the two most prominent social factors in created social living conditions? a) income level and marital status b) motivation level and heredity c) overall health and personality d) poverty and job stress

D) poverty and job stress

Jorge has deadlines and expectations placed on him both at school and work, making him feel like he always has to do more and to work harder and faster. Jorge is experiencing ___ a) frustration b) uncontrollability c) conflict d) pressure

D) pressure

What effect, if any, does religion have on one's stress? a) religion has not been shown to effect one's stress b) religion can actually increase one's stress c) religion can help to alleviate stress in young people, but not in senior citizens d) religion can help people effectively cope with stress in multiple ways

D) religion can help people effectively cope with stress in multiple ways

Olivia feels as if she is in control of her life and is committed to her goals. What final aspect of hardiness does she need to possess to be considered a hardy personality? a) exhibiting callousness in the face of threat b) being able to contain her anger c) being concerned when faced with problems d) seeing an event as a challenge rather than a problem

D) seeing an event as a challenge rather than a problem

A retail store has announced to its employees that half of them will be laid off after a two-week, random review of their personal records. No current performance appraisals or individual reviews are being held. Over the next two weeks, many of the employees are arguing, fighting and doing a poor job of taking care of their customers. What aspects of stress most likely started these behaviors? a) pressure and conflict b) pressure and frustration c) uncontrollability and conflict d) uncrontrollability and frustration

D) uncontrollability and frustration

Meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and guided visualization are ___ coping strategies for stress. a) basically ineffective b) emotion-focused c) problem-focused d) very effective

D) very effective