Psychology ch 13

The elaboration likelihood model theory identifies ______ ways by which a message can be persuasive.

2

True or false: When considering attitude change, the source of the message is the only important variable.

False

What is the definition of social psychology?

The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

True or false: Twin studies suggest that a tendency to show unprovoked aggression may be influenced more by genes, whereas reactive aggression is more susceptible to environmental effects.

True

Which of the following statements describes conformity?

a change in behavior brought about in order to follow the standards of others

Groupthink is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to ______ that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.

achieve consensus

Which of the following are the two main types of love?

affectionate love romantic love

Aggression is a social behavior that

aims to harm others

Cognitive dissonance is

an individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

Solomon _____ carried out the classic experiment on conformity.

asch

____ are opinions and beliefs about people, objects, and ideas.

attitudes

The peripheral route of the elaboration likelihood model involves non-message factors such as: (More than one option may be correct.)

attractiveness of source emotional appeals

_____ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what are the specific underlying causes of that person's behavior.

attribution

The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion includes the ______ route and the ______ route.

central; peripheral

The emergence of social psychology can be traced back to the years following the U.S.______ War in the late 1800s.

civil

Members engaging in groupthink place the highest value on:

conformity and unanimity

What is a key emotion involved in altruism, and happens when we feel a oneness with the emotional state of another?

empathy

Social is the improvement in an individual's performance because of the presence of others.

facilitation

The genetic basis for aggression states that are important in understanding the biological basis of aggression.

gene

Which of the following are psychological determinants of aggression?

observing others engaging in aggression the perception that another's actions are unfair the presence of a weapon

The elaboration likelihood model states that ____ occurs through either a central route or a peripheral route.

persuasion

Which of the following are factors that make it more likely you will be attracted to somebody?

similarities physical attractiveness close proximity you've seen the person around a lot

The concept of consensual validation explains why people tend to be attracted to others due to:

similarity

Pam's new friend is a librarian so Pam assumes that she is intellectual, politically liberal, shy, not very social, and probably a vegetarian. Pam's thinking on this describes

stereotyping

Self-serving bias is the tendency to

take credit for successes and deny responsibility for failures.

_____ is the hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior.

testosterone

The field of social psychology emerged in the years after:

the U.S. Civil War

Which of the following best describes social exchange theory?

the equity in a relationship

is the reduction of personal identity when an individual is part of a group.

Deindividuation

According to self-perception theory, individuals often make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own:

behavior

Psychologists have used the concept of _____ _____ to explain an individual's strong feelings of loyalty toward a group after enduring difficult or unpleasant initiation rites.

effort justification

Social cognition is an area of social psychology that studies

how people think in social situations.

The central question in making an attribution for a person's motivation is whether the cause of behavior is due to Blank______ factors.

internal or external

The bystander effect makes it Blank______ likely an individual will help someone in need when other people are around.

less

Aggression, like other social behaviors, has ______ determinant(s).

multiple

Research by Leonard Berkowitz showed that the mere presence of a weapon (such as a gun) may prime hostile thoughts and produce aggression. The tendency for the presence of firearms to enhance aggression is known as the:

weapons effect.

In which situations is an individual more likely to be persuaded by a message? (More than one option may be correct.)

when the individual feels a similarity with the person delivering the message when the message is delivered through television or video rather than print when the individual has weak attitudes