Psychology Chapter 1

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?

1800s

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer.

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in _____ psychology.

developmental

Marta is pursuing a graduate degree in psychology. As part of her program she must write a long research paper based on the data she spent the last year gathering. What is the long research paper called?

dissertation

When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ______ trait

neuroticism

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ______ trait

openness

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

In the study of personality, the ______ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?

Sigmund Freud

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common?

They are all examples of applied psychology.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a

biopsychologist

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?

counseling psychology

______ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

humanism

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ______ psychology

industrial-organizational

According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?

interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors

Behaviorists study ______

learned behavior

Psychology refers to the

scientific study of the mind and behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and _______

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese