Psychology chapter 1 quiz

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by _____________ a. studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior b. studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests c. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes d. studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious

c. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

A humanist would give which explanation for aggression? a. Brain abnormalities explain violent behavior in some people. b. Social conditions give rise to drug use that, in turn, causes aggressive behavior. c. Aggression is learned through observing others and through reinforcement. d. Aggression increases when people become frustrated by not being able to meet their goals. e. Aggression results from unconscious impulses.

d. Aggression increases when people become frustrated by not being able to meet their goals.

A group of psychologists discuss. the causes of aggression. Which psychologist speaks from a sociocultural perspective? a. Dr. Bowen says, "High temperatures cause people to be aggressive by increasing their hostile thoughts and feelings." b. Dr. Wendrowski says, "Men have higher levels of testosterone than women, and research evidence shows that males are more aggressive than females across many cultures." c. Dr. Richards says, "People act aggressively when they are frustrated." d. Dr. Reeves says, "Interpersonal violence takes place in the context of poverty, unemployment, and violent communities." e. Dr. Sherry says, "Violent behavior is perpetuated through generations as children observe the adults in their lives use violence to solve their problems."

d. Dr. Reeves says, "Interpersonal violence takes place in the context of poverty, unemployment, and violent communities."

Dr. Spires talks with some students before psychology class begins. Spires says, "I believe that mental experience is best understood as a whole, rather than in terms of its parts." Her students recognize that Spires opinion describes which school of thought? a. Structuralism b. Psychodynamic c. Humanism d. Gestalt e. Functionalism

d. Gestalt

Which of the following best defines cognitive psychology? a. The study of human development b. The study of stress and coping c. The study of consciousness and development ing d. The study of mental processes including thinking and memory

d. The study of mental processes including thinking and memory

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? a. social psychology b. cognitive psychology c. organizational psychology d. clinical psychology

d. clinical psychology

_____________ is a growing movement in psychology directed toward studies of human experience such as hope, happiness, and altruism. a. Sociocultural psychology b. Evolutionary psychology c. Neo-behaviorism d. Eclecticism e. Positive psychology

e. Positive psychology

The father of Behaviorism is considered to be a. Freud. b. Wertheimer.. c. James. d. Skinner. e. Watson.

e. Watson.

Psychology made the transition from philosophy to science with which event? a. William James changed the field's focus from structuralism to functionalism. b. Titchener brought methods of introspection to the U.S. c. G. Stanley Hall founded the American Psychological Association. d. Plato died and interest in the philosophical aspects of psychology died with him. e. Wundt opened his laboratory in Leipzig.

e. Wundt opened his laboratory in Leipzig.

Psychology is best described as a science that studies a. the role of personal expereince in explaining behavior. b. how we control our behavior. c. observable behavior only. d. mental processes only. e. behavior and mental processes.

e. behavior and mental processes.

Your psychology professor asks/a student volunteer to concentrate on eating an apple and then describe the individual elements of that experience. Your professor is demonstrating the technique of _____________ which is a technique used by investigators of ______________ a. introspection; Gestalt b. introspection; structuralism c. stream of consciousness; functionalism d. stream of consciousness; structuralism e. introspection; humanism

b. introspection; structuralism

Which challenge of studying psychology did Freud bring to our attention? a. Multiple causes b. unconscious processes c. interrelated causes d. individual differences

b. unconscious processes

Dr. Williamson works with the FBI to develop personality profiles of rapists. Williamson is probably a(n) _______________ psychologist. a. health b. social c. forensic d. industrial/organizational. e. physiological.

c. Forensics

______________ was the first African American to receive a doctorate in psychology in the United States, and ______________ was the first African American to publish research findings in a major journal. a. J. Henry Alston; Kenneth Clark b. Mary Whiton Calkins; Margaret Floy Washburn c. Francis Sumner; J. Henry Alston d. Gilbert Haven Jones; Francis Sumner e. Kenneth Clark; Richard Suinn

c. Francis Sumner; J. Henry Alston

Which subfield represents the largest group of psychologists? a. Counseling b. School c. Clinical d. Industrial/organizational e. Research

c. clinical

Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) _______________ psychologist. a. industrial/organizational b. clinical c. developmental d. social

c. developmental

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of... a. psychoanalvsis b. personality c. social psychology d. Gestalt psychology

c. social psychology

Watson and Skinner were __________ that believed that our behavior was shaped by our environment through rewards and punishments. a. cognitive psychologist b. Neofreudians c. humanistic psychologists d. behaviorists e. personality psychologists

D. Behaviorist

Dr. Robinson conducts basic research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent? a. clinical psychology b. biological psychology c. industrial/organizational psychology d. social psychology

b. Biological psychology

Which ONE of the which of the following is NOT a subfield in psychology? a. biopsychology b. consumer c. developmental d. forensic psychology e. sport psychology

b. Consumer

Psychophysics began with the work of which 19th-century German scientist(s)? a. Hermann von Helmholtz and Ewald Hering b. Gustav Fechner c. David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel d. Wilhelm Wundt e. Ernst Weber

b. Gustav Fechner

What makes psychology a scientific discipline? a. Its reliance on popular opinion. b. Its focus on testing theories, beliefs, and assumptions. c. Its valuing of scholarly opinions over laboratory tests. d. Its emphasis on mental, as opposed to behavioral, processes. e. Its discounting of tradition and folklore.

b. Its focus on testing theories, beliefs, and assumptions.

What makes psychology a scientific discipline? a. Its emphasis on mental, as opposed to behavioral, processes b. Its focus on testing theories, beliefs, and assumptions. c. Its reliance on popular opinion d. Its valuing of scholarly opinions over laboratory tests e. Its discounting of tradition and folklore.

b. Its focus on testing theories, beliefs, and assumptions.

What is the most common doctoral degree awarded in the field of psychology? a. Ed.D b. Ph.D. c. M.A. d. Psy.D e. B.A.

b. Ph.D

Which type of psychologist might administer an intelligerice test to your 12-year-old child to determine if he or she should be in special education classes? a. counseling b. school c. clinical d. forensic, e. personality

b. School

Your psychology professor argues that dreams represent an attempt by the cerebral cortex to make sense of the random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep. What perspective best describes your professor's comments? a. sociocultural b. biopsychological c. cognitive d. psychodynamic e. humanistic

b. biopsychological