Psychology Chapter 10

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________. Answers: locus alignment homeostasis neutral

homeostasis

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________. Answers: how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior? Answers: mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn for free because he can't do it himself babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee jerking your hand back from a hot burner dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment

babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior? Answers: pulling on one's earlobe in response to stress or anxiety a smoker's love of nicotine infant rooting for a nipple dressing baby girls in the color pink

infant rooting for a nipple

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Despite her drastically thin appearance, Mercy genuinely believes that she is overweight, often referring to herself as "fat." Mercy probably suffers from ________. Answers: binge eating disorder bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa Prader-Willi syndrome

anorexia nervosa

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation. Answers: instinct biological extrinsic intrinsic

intrinsic

Which option is best described as a hormone that induces feelings of satiety, or fullness when eating? Answers: polypeptide Y leptin estrogen cholecystokinin

leptin

What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? Answers: Those with bulimia nervosa are typically very overweight while those with binge eating disorder are typically very underweight. Those with binge eating disorder are typically very overweight while those with bulimia nervosa are typically very underweight. Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not. Binge eating disorder involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge nervosa does not.

Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not.

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery? Answers: It has guaranteed that recipients will eventually reach their ideal weight. It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point. It will result in successful weight loss for men but not for women because men have a lower set point. It is impossible to use set point theory to predict anything about the results of bariatric surgery.

It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.

According to the ________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling. Answers: James-Lange Cannon-Bard Cognitive mediational Schachter and Singer

James-Lange

Which individual produced volumes that discussed sexual behavior among Americans in a way that had never before been made public, research that was not happily received by all who read it? Answers: Kinsey Rockefeller Johnson Masters

Kinsey

Who was the first theorist to explore the idea that the way we appraise a situation would influence the type of emotion that we'd experience in response to that event? Answers: Walter Cannon Stanley Schachter Arnold Lazarus Magda Arnold

Magda Arnold

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy? Answers: Tony knows that Yancy frequently brags about his accomplishments. Stacia thinks that Tammy underestimates her abilities. Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school. Judd does not believe that he is good at math.

Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school.

When one considers the majority of the scientific data that are available, what can be said about sexual orientation? Answers: Most people are heterosexual and only some sort of life trauma results in a non-heterosexual orientation. Sexual orientation is something with which we are born. It is our environmental experiences early in life that determines our sexual orientation. There is no clear indication that anything we can identify explains sexual orientation.

Sexual orientation is something with which we are born.

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law? Answers: Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low. An individual's belief in his own capabilities or capacities to complete a task influences his ability to complete the task. Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis. Humans experience a spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization.

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

What is Prader-Willi syndrome? Answers: a condition that involves an absence of interest in sexual fantasy or behaviors. an emotional dysregulation disorder that causes people to have the wrong emotion to a precipitating stimulus an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. Answers: an instinct homeostasis a motivation a habit

a habit

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list of accolades. Answers: power affiliation intimacy achievement

achievement

The need for ________ might explain why we "friend" people on social media websites, join clubs or hobby groups, and spend time with others when we might otherwise feel like being by ourselves. Answers: esteem achievement affiliation power

affiliation

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn? Answers: immediately after his calming afternoon nap after he has received some exciting news during a period of tranquility after he is relaxed from finishing his daily meditation

after he has received some exciting news

Dr. Korkolos is a surgeon who conducts procedures that modify a patientâ s gastrointestinal system so that they can only eat or absorb a limited amount of food. Dr. Korkolos's expertise is in ________ surgery. Answers: bariatric hepatic rerouting abdominoplasty colonic resection

bariatric

The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala. Answers: basolateral; nucleus James-Lange; basal dorsal; sulcus Yerkes; ventromedial

basolateral; nucleus

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs and finally striving for self-actualization. Answers: biological; social aesthetic; esteem social; biological esteem; aesthetic

biological; social

Jude is a man who is emotionally and sexually attracted to both men and women, although he tends to date only one person at a time and prefers monogamous relationships. Jude is ________. Answers: bisexual homosexual suffering from gender dysphoria heterosexual

bisexual

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then makes herself vomit so that she won't retain any of the calories she just ingested. When she is not doing this she regular abuses laxatives in the hope that she will not absorb calories and gain weight. Anasophia has a normal body size, but has a great fear of gaining weight. It would be a good idea for Anasophia to be evaluated to see if she is suffering from ________. Answers: binge eating disorder bulimia nervosa Prader-Willi syndrome anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa

What is the main idea of drive theory? Answers: deviations from commonly accepted drives result in an inability to satisfy physiological needs achieving homeostasis requires increasing the metabolic rate deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave failure to achieve homeostasis results in poor cognition and deficits in memory and learning

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave

A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience. Answers: motivation; habit habit; motivation emotion; mood mood; emotion

emotion; mood

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Answers: security esteem physiological self-actualization

esteem

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in the ________. Answers: Yerkes-Dodson law facial feedback hypothesis cognitive mediational theory James-Lange theory of emotion

facial feedback hypothesis

Research has found that the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala, both of which are part of the ________, are brain areas that are particularly important in sexual motivation. Answers: limbic system hindbrain corpus callosum reward pathway

limbic system

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________. Answers: habit drive emotion motivation

motivation

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. His body mass index, or BMI, is 42.7. According to the standards set by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Greg is ________. Answers: normal obese anorexic overweight

obese

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for funâ "she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect. Answers: hierarchical heuristic drive-reduction overjustification

overjustification

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Answers: esteem physiological acceptance security

physiological

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________. Answers: time and fear physiological and arousal stimulus and appraisal physiological and cognitive

physiological and cognitive

Which choice would you not expect to occur during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle? Answers: erection of a penis expansion of the vaginal canal reduction in pulse and blood pressure lubrication of the vagina

reduction in pulse and blood pressure

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm? Answers: refractory period priapism stage plateau stage plateau stage

refractory period

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change. Answers: evolutionary Yerkes-Dodson limited resources set point

set point