psychology chapter 15

researchers have found that approximately ____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder

95

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

agoraphobia

_______ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors

anxiety

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

avoidant personality disorder

which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

being a fan of violent media (music, television, shows, movies, etc.)

according to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

the approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective

biological

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine and serotonin

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.

fugue

which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to

which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked

which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n)________ episode.

manic

appollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. she knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. why?

mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder

narcissistic

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsivep

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

people with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental asks

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms

severe depressive symptoms

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

the ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits

supernatural

peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression...

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy

what is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder