Psychology Chapter 2

The group does not get the experimental treatment.

control

means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.

correlation

study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

double-blind

is controlled by the experimenter.

independent variable

The scientific process is involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.

circular

are the most commonly used species for animal research.

rodents

Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as

scientific method

is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.

statistical analysis

is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

theory

research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

archival

is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

confounding variable

Ethics need to be considered when scientific research.

designing, conducting, and reviewing

A major advantage of case studies is

detailed information

Which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts?

empirical studies

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n)

experiment

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?

explaining the hypothesis to the participants

Research on subjects must always involve

human; obtaining informed consent

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n).

illusory correlation

research studies the same groups of participants over time.

longitudinal

refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result.

reliability

Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been

retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author

is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

surveys

A basic experiment involves a minimum of _____ participant group(s).

two

refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

validity

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior?

watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets