Psychology Chapter 3 Quiz

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of PET scanning?

An alternative diagnostic tool is fMRI.

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?

Audition

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

Beta-endorphin

evolutionary psychologists

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by

no sensation in his legs and feet

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

hypothalamus

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

Folds; grooves

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.

Genotype; bb

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

He had severe seizures.

increase

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.

________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

Lateralization

Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________

More than one gene

fast; long lasting

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be _______

synapse

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

Broca's area

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

running away

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?

hypothalamus

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

smell

Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?

dopamine; norepinephrine

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

Spinal cord

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the

reticular formation

The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.

Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Parsons et al. are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

Which of the following is not a forebrain structure?

Pons

imbic system; emotional

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

Range of reaction

Wernicke's area

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

Terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

groan and move her eyes

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

motor skill deficits in the left side of her body