Psychology Chapter 3

selective attention

A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance

tolerance

A need to take larger and larger doses of sleeping pills to avoid insomnia indicates

sleep

A periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages is known as

insomina

A recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep is called

erotic wishes

According to Freud, the

erotic wishes

According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to

the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

LSD

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

Dual Processing

Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often influence the way we consciously perceive males and females. This best illustrates

tolerance

Arlette often consumes up to six cocktails in a row before she experiences any noticeable symptoms of intoxication. This suggests that Arlette has developed

delta waves

At 1:00 a.m. Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

NREM-3

Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep.

psychoactive

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ______ drugs.

change blindness

Christy failed to notice that she received her ice cream in a sugar cone rather than a waffle cone as she had requested. She later indicated to another customer that she preferred sugar cones over waffle cones. Christy's behavior most clearly illustrates.

stimulant

Cocaine is classified as a

more likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking

Compared with adults, children are

addiction

Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors despite known adverse consequences is a indication of

sequential processing; parallel processing

Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ______ is to ______.

manifest

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its _______ content

latent content

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the _______ of Greg's dream.

NREM-1

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep

heightened openness to suggestion

Hypnosis involves a state of

inattentional blindness/latent content

If asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball, most research participants remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman strolling across the video screen.

dissociation theory

If highly hypnotizable people are no better than others at simultaneously reading a book and listening to music, this would most clearly challenge

behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment hypnotized people

sleep apnea

In which of the following disorders does the person repeatedly stop breathing while asleep?

conscious role-playing

Orne and Evans discovered that unhypnotized subjects performed the same dangerous acts as hypnotized subjects. This finding is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

the circadian rhythm

Our inability to fall asleep early, as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of

obesity

Particularly among men, sleep apnea is linked with

report little pain from placing their arms in an ice bath

People can be hypnotically induced to

cognitive development

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects the children's

facilitated by alcohol and inhibited by sleeping pills

REM sleep is

decreases the brain's production of endorphins

Repeated use of an opiate

people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to become absorbed in imaginative activities

Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that

people are more likely to dream of failure than of success

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that

hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without an external sensory stimulus are called

Cognition

Since 1960, psychology has regained all interest in consciousness as psychologists of all persuasions affirmed the importance of

Stop associating with friends who use marijuana.

Sixteen-year-old Bethany is becoming increasingly concerned about her use of marijuana on weekends. To reduce her use of this drug Bethany should

diminish immunity to disease

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

high

Smokers with _________ levels of nicotine tolerance are likely to suffer the most severe withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue smoking.

social influence theory

Suppose that hypnotized adults who are encouraged to behave like children are no more genuinely childlike that unhynotized adults who are encouraged to act in a childlike behavior. This fact most clearly supports

Melatonin

The activation of light-sensitive retinal proteins into our eyes signals our brains to decrease production of

NREM-1 sleep

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

neuroadaptation

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called

suprachiasmatic nucleus

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light sensitive retinal protein that triggers signals to the

social influence

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of

dissociation

The claim that hypnotic phenomena occur outside our normal awareness is associated with the theory that hypnosis involves

selective attention

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called

feel powerless to overcome the addiction

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

behaviorism

The school of thought in psychology that turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the century was

increase;decrease

Traffic accident rates have been found to _______ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.

overestimate; overestimate

U.S sixth graders ____ their friends use of marijuana, and university students _____ their fellow students enthusiasm for alcohol

more; more

Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are ________ likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.

biopsychosocial

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context requires an integrated _______ approach.

Methamphetamine

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes but the stimulant drug _____ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.

blink their minds

When their attention is focused on a task such as reading, people are less likely to ______ than when their mind is wandering

The circadian rhythm

When working an occasional night shift, people often feel groggiest in the middle of the night, but experience new energy around the time they normally would wake up. This best illustrates the impact of

barbiturates

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

substance use disorder

Which of the following involves significant life disruption from the use of psychoactive drugs?

anxiety

Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?

LSD

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?

change blindness

While a man provides directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupt by passing between them carrying a board. The man's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates

gain social acceptance

Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to

REM sleep than in NREM-1 sleep

During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in

REM sleep

Evidence suggests the we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

self-awareness

Experimental participants who consumed alcohol rather than a placebo beverage were less likely to notice that their minds were wandering during a reading task. This best illustrates that alcohol reduces

increased; decreased

Females with a history of physical abuse are at ____ risk for substance addiction. Those with a history of eating disorders are at _____ risk for substance addiction.

Would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never sleeps. Research suggests that he probably

opiates

Morphine and heroin are

improving; declining

Most college students are "owls," with performance ________ across the day. Most older adults are "larks," with performance ________ as the day progresses.

Marijuana

Mrs. Roberst, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received

withdrawl

Muhammed can't sleep, is constantly anxious, has muscle aches, and craves his daily dose of cocaine. Muhammed is experiencing symptoms of

experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness

Narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person

slow-wave sleep

Neural activity that reenacts and promotes recall of prior novel experiences is most closely associated with

during NREM-3 sleep

Night terrors typically occur

dehydration

One of the dangers of using Ecstasy at all-night dances is

Barbiturates and opiates

Depressants are drugs such as

experiences all of these conditions

Drug use is considered a disorder when a person A. craves the substance B. Continues us of despite social problem or C. continues despite hazards

alpha waves

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of