psychology chapter 4/5
tolerance
A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug.
variable-interval schedule
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
people withdrawing from chronic alcohol use may experience _______ with heavy sweating, restlessness, disorientation, frightening hallucinations
delirium tremens
mindfulness meditation (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to:
focus on the present
preconscious information
is usually outside a person's awareness, but is able to be brought into consciousness on demand.
what is false about children watching video games
it has reduced the probability of aggressive behavior
in the context of behavior therapy methods, what is true about flooding?
it involves continuous exposure to fear evoking stimuli
what is true of shaping
it reinforces progressive steps toward the behavioral goal
refers to learning that is hidden or concealed
latent learning
People deprived of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep...
learn more slowly
altered state of consciouness
mediation
what neurons fire when an animal observes the behavior of another animal and that behavior stimulates imitative behavior in the first animal
mirror neurons
behavior that is rewarded be partial reinforcement is ______ resistant to extinction
more
a sleep attack in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly
narcolepsy
what cannot be experienced through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness
non-conscious processes
behaviorists primary emphasis for the study of psychology
observational behavior
according to _______, when we see modeled behavior being reinforced, we are vicariously reinforced
observational learning
the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others rather than by means of direct experience
observational learning
higher-order conditioning
occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus
what is true about sleep
people need mroe sleep when they are under stress
Adam, a sleep researcher, noticed that his sleeping patient had a high level of neurological arousal. The patient is in what kind of sleep
rapid eye movement (REM)
when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more likes
reinforcement
what is defined as stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior
reinforcers
variable-ratio schedule
reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
generalization
responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli
what is NOT a reason for dreaming
role theory
the ability to ignore music and focus on reading
selective attention
people with _______ stop breathing periodically, up to several hundred times per night
sleep apnea
somnambulism
sleepwalking
in classical conditioning, why is the term extinction misleading
spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned responses can occur
our brain waves slowdown from alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta wave sin what stage of sleep
stage 1
sleep walking occurs in what stage of sleep
stage 4
characterized by a loss of control over consumption, social impairments, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms
substance use disorder
the term ______ refers to the deliberate placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness
suppression
a therapist brings dogs closure to help Naomi extinguish her fear of dogs. what technique is being used?
systematic desensitization
according to cognitive psychologists
the changes caused by learning influence and organisms behavior
Discrimination
the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus - Jeff and the dog
one potential reason why women and certain ethnic groups are significantly affect by alcohol is because...
they produce less aldehyde dehydrogenase than other groups
what is true about amphetamines
they provide a euphoric rush when consumed in high doses
Salivating in response to lasagna. the food is labeled the _______. the salivating is the ________.
unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response